Icon Informs Customers Longtime Icon PR guy Brian Manning wrote recently. He informed me he would leaving Icon at the end of this year, adding, “I’ve experienced all the ups and downs of a startup aircraft company over the years, and I’m very proud of the accomplishments along the way. I’m still yet to meet anybody who’s been up in the A5 who came away disappointed in the experience. It’s an incredible airplane that’s been a passion project for so many talented people over the years.” Brian has been a dependable contact at the company for nine years. His talents will readily transfer elsewhere but his departure signals more than his own situation. He continued, “I would like to share a note that Jason Huang, the current but outbound president, wrote to some of our owners recently.” “Icon Aircraft will be transitioning a portion of its manufacturing to a new, state-of-the-art facility in China,” wrote Jason Huang.
Splog
Year-End Review of Changes Expected with FAA’s Mosaic Rule — in Mid-2025
Coming in Mid-205
Word from those who talk to FAA about other matters say the Mosaic reg is proceeding well. It is expected by "mid-2025," though such pronouncements have often proved premature. However, since FAA has been timely with previous forecasts about Mosaic, perhaps by AirVenture 2025 (starting in late July), we will have the new rule to examine. Finally, we will learn the answers to many questions. Of course, all this is expected as Trump takes office next month. With his push to eliminate 10 regulations for every new one, federal rule makers may exercise added caution so as not to get in trouble with the new boss — and I don't mean yet another new FAA administrator… I mean POTUS. The following chart was assembled by longtime industry leader Paul Hamilton, proprietor of the Sport Aviation Center. In addition to being a flight instructor and Designated Pilot Examiner, Paul has also developed video-based courses to study for Sport Pilot licensing and more. He is a good candidate to create the information shown below. This is about as easy to study as any literature I've seen. Happy Christmastime reading!Want LOTS more detail on Mosaic? Click this link for everything I've ever prepared about the new regulation.
Let me do the obvious first. Mosaic has for some weeks been in what agency personnel call their “quiet period.” This is when FAA is finalizing a regulation and will no longer respond to info requests. Public comment windows are long closed. Short take — We know only a little more than we did a few months back. Major questions remain about what license level of pilot can fly what configuration of Mosaic LSA using what medical. We have no new information on these questions. In addition, many in the LSR-M mechanic community also have many questions and concerns. The public had a chance to comment, and lots of you did. Now, after reading every single comment, FAA rule writers are head down preparing the final version Coming in Mid-205 Word from those who talk to FAA about other matters say the Mosaic reg is proceeding well. It is expected by “mid-2025,” though such pronouncements have often proved premature.
American Aviation Superhero — RANS and Load-Carrying S-21 Outbound Are Mosaic-Ready
Heading Outbound
No wonder the company is enjoying a strong run with their most-evolved aircraft, S-21 Outbound. This makes one handsome taildragger with performance to make STOL designs jealous. Yet, as you see nearby, they now have a tricycle gear version of the rugged aircraft. In fact, buyers are nearly all configuring their new S-21 as seen in the green aircraft pictured here. A nosewheel Outbound is welcome because generations of pilots have received their instruction in a tricycle airplane and that's all most have ever flown. Many pilots have heard stories about ground loops causing damage and hurting pride so most stick to the familiar and more-forgiving tricycle undercarriage. Lighter aircraft are less challenging to handle on conventional (tailwheel) gear but for many, it's simply too big a leap. So, at Sun ‘n Fun 2019, the company brought Outbound in tricycle gear. Despite what many might have expected, the configuration looks good and was warmly received. The nose wheel doesn’t affect handling or performance; “it flies the same as the tail dragger,” said Randy Schlitter when introducing the new configuration. Outbound can be powered by a 100 horsepower Rotax 912 that works brilliantly. Or, buyers can choose Continental's Titan X340 with 180 horsepower. Randy reports climb with the bigger engine is impressive (850 to 1,500 fpm) but fuel usage rises noticeably (from 5.5 to 7 gph). Takeoff is also fast with the big engine: just over 300 feet to leave the runway and just under 400 to land …in skilled hands, of course. However, interestingly the company quoted essentially the same launch and landing values for the Rotax 912, which is considerably lighter. A few of Titan's horses must be employed to lift its extra weight. With the tricycle gear, you can have robust but smaller tires or you can opt for the tricycle version of bush gear. Doing so gives greater prop clearance as the video below identifies. Nearly all buyers are choosing the tundra option, Michele said. Outbound kits can go either way, taildragger or tri-gear. As Michele informs us, the main gear leg is the same on both aircraft. Company officials indicated it takes about four hours to swap out the hardware but the airframe is built to accommodate either configuration. When shopping for a light aircraft, it's hard to beat a homegrown American company. Have it your way and go enjoy one of the best flying (and most popular) aircraft in the LSA fleet.ARTICLE LINKS:
- Get more info on this website — all content on RANS aircraft including S-21 Outbound
- Go direct to the factory website — RANS.com (this link goes directly to the S-21 page)
* Which is it? Is RANS 40 or 50 years old? As the video below clarifies, the brand existed 10 years before Randy got into aircraft design. Earlier, the company built unique bicycles. I ride one of their recumbent bikes (a Stratus) every day I am not traveling so I applaud their aircraft and bicycles. https://youtu.be/1DGQhjEtv_Y
If the S-21 Outbound truly interests you, the following video goes into more detail about this model. Recorded six years ago, it is chock-full of information but also reveals how times have changed. At the end of the following video I reported the company offered a six-month wait for a kit. While kits can be delivered faster, fully-factory-built models have many months, even years of wait list in late 2024. https://youtu.be/VxUc0Z2ixCY?si=Eb3ciNU1g3z4wqBX
What great to see? How about an American light aircraft producer doing exceptionally well? RANS has been around 50 years*, 40 of them as an aircraft developer and producer. From S-3 to S-21, the designs have varied but the newest is Outbound and it adds capabilities and structure to set it apart from all prior models. Over the years this Kansas company in the geographical center of the USA has delivered around 7,000 aircraft making it one of the light aircraft success stories of all time. Lead by founder Randy Schlitter, the manufacturer has become a leading aviation brand known and flown around the world. In the video interview below, Randy’s wife Michele Schlitter walks us through the years and highlights the pinnacle of their achievement, a tricycle-gear, tundra-tired, all-metal creation that can carry 800 pounds, Michele said in the video. You can build it or they can build it. A kit is available faster for obvious reasons.
Bingo! It’s Dingo… A Charming, Fun, Affordable Part 103 Ultralight Biplane
Dingo Is for Fun
Shown to Americans for the first time at MAX 2024 (Midwest Aviation Expo) by Bluff City Aircraft, Dingo drew steady interest from the fun flying crowd. For a grin-producing flight at the end of your workday, Dingo might be just about perfect. Bluff City displays at Sun 'n Fun, AirVenture (as seen in the first video below), and MAX 2024 brought awareness to a large swath of the aircraft-buying public. Read two earlier articles, from July 2023 and July 2022. Created by widely-known European designer Marek Ivanov beginning with 3D images at the beginning of 2021, Dingo rapidly took form and was put through test flights by Jan Jilek. The new creation entered production only two years later, in summer of 2023. Marek has lead development of several aircraft that show his great range. About Dingo he said, "My long-time dream was to build something like Hovey Whing Ding because I like it, but a little bigger so I can fly it." It's here in America now. "No Americans had seen Dingo before," said Rick Bennett, one of two partners in the U.S. import business. "They flipped out over the design. We experienced strong attention." Knowing they were launching a new design in the giant U.S, market, Bluff City Aircraft collaborated with manufacturer Future Vehicles to appear at all the major U.S. airshows in 2024. Of even greater interest, other partner David Eubanks said, "Future Vehicles has agreed to build and put 10 kits on the shelf so that we can deliver in seven to 10 days." Compared to most LSA that have delivery delays running several months to literally years, getting a Dingo shipped in barely over one week is a remarkable feat. In a time when it seems the price of everything goes always higher, here's a complete airplane you can own for around $25,000, in kit form. To get that lowest price, do the assembly yourself but if you're not up for that and have a somewhat larger budget, Bluff City will build it for you at a typical cost of less than $40,000. Buyers electing options like custom paint will pay more but Dingo clearly qualifies as a great value (though I recognize those prices may not fit every budget). Those who want to hold the cost to the minimum — "$25-27,000 is a reasonable estimate for most buyers," Rick estimated) — should plan on 300 hours of build time. However, no special jigs are needed as match-hole assembly assures accurate joining of components. Such sophisticated kits are now common in larger kit aircraft but not on a flying machine selling for such a modest price. Bluff can legally deliver a fully-built aircraft because Dingo easily fits the parameters of Part 103 ultralights. As you see in the factory specs below, Future Vehicles can deliver an aircraft weighing only 210 pounds, a rather amazing 44 pounds under Part 103's limits. Americans fitting Dingo with a more powerful engine and high quality paint will weigh more but Rick and David both emphasized that it is easily possible to stay within Part 103 meaning no pilot medical is required nor are N-numbers. The engine Rick and David like best is the Thor 260 Polini producing 36 horsepower. This much juice means spirited performance for Dingo even with the largest pilot the design can accommodate at 240 pounds. Since the seat is bolted to the aircraft, ballast is needed for the heaviest pilots, with the weight placed aft. If you are as light as David (160 pounds), you'll need ballast up front instead. Rick weighs 180 pounds; he made no mention of ballast. Polini is a popular choice for the lightest aircraft and boasts dual starting — hand-pull or electric — plus a centrifugal clutch yields an easier and smoother start.See all tech specs, kit info, and more details about DingoRick and David use a two-place Quicksilver for intro flights as a way to assure pilots can handle the very light Dingo. Rick indicated that even though Dingo offers responsive handling, he believes it is more stable than a Quicksilver. Since Quicks are widely known for docile performance, that is a substantial claim. American pilots used to a huge variety of aircraft choices additionally asked about features such as brakes, floats, folding wings, and tricycle gear. Future Vehicles is evaluating all these options, however, that 254-pound Part 103 empty weight will limit how much a buyer can add. From our friends at Kitplanes magazine (part of Firecrown, as is ByDanJohnson.com), here's much of what you want to know about Dingo in only 90 seconds. https://youtu.be/vCE7n1wz3_M?si=SsgKIPbUOW6CEDSw Since we are about to enter the holiday season, here's a fun Christmas video from Future Vehicles showing Santa going aloft using something more realistic than a flock of flying reindeer. https://youtu.be/fv1k_QLjwpg?si=qKj8wjc_LUGWsND1
If you look at Dingo and smile, you may be an ultralighter. Appearance and qualities about Future Vehicles‘ single seat bi-wing flying machine attract certain pilots like bees to a bright flower. If you must have two seats, large flat screen displays, an autopilot, and luxurious appointments, you probably are not attracted to Dingo. Fine. The good news is that you’ll have plenty of choices among Mosaic LSA. Those of us still smiling at the nearby images might already be captivated. If you are caught by Dingo’s interesting specs and its affordability, you might want to learn more. So, here’s more… Dingo Is for Fun Shown to Americans for the first time at MAX 2024 (Midwest Aviation Expo) by Bluff City Aircraft, Dingo drew steady interest from the fun flying crowd. For a grin-producing flight at the end of your workday, Dingo might be just about perfect.
GAMI Releases G100UL Into the Wild
This week GAMI, which developed the STC-approved G100UL high-octane avgas replacement, announced that a shipment of the fuel has been delivered to the Reid-Hillview airport in California. A load of 7500 gallons will be sold by the county-owned fueling service via truck. Currently, the only fuel available at KRHV is mogas, Jet A and Swift’s UL94 unleaded. Cost of a gallon of G100UL is expected to be close to what the County of Santa Clara is selling UL94 now, $7.59. Note that fuel prices in this part of California vary greatly, from $5.37/gallon at Tracy to $10.87/gallon at San Jose. G100UL received supplemental type certificate approval for all gas engines in fixed-wing aircraft so certified airplanes will need this STC to legally use the fuel. Experimentals do not require the STC. To encourage aircraft owners to try G100UL, GAMI is offering the STC for free at a rollout event this Saturday, November 2, from 9am to 6pm, and will “provide the services of an I.A.
Changing LSA Seaplane Market — Vickers Wave Progress Update — Others, Hmmm…?
Vickers Wave Update
Vickers previously noted, “Wave has finished its flight testing, resulting in a 120-knot cruise and useful load of 750 pounds powered by a Rotax 916iS (reviewed here).” "A frequently asked question I receive is, 'What is taking so long?'," begins Paul Vickers. "Given the scale and complexity of a project like this, it’s worth explaining some of the key challenges we’ve faced and the strategies we’ve employed to address them." "The process of developing an aircraft like the Wave has spanned nearly 15 years (2009) — approximately one-third of my life," Paul continued. "The path to this stage has been characterized by sustained focus and incremental progress." Recalling his early days, Paul wrote, "For the first three to four years, I was the only person dedicated full-time to the Wave, working six to seven days a week." He was focused on ensuring the structural and aerodynamic integrity of the aircraft. Flight testing (report) validated Wave's performance calculations. Seven years after beginning design work, in late 2016 Vickers began building operations. "This period marked our move to a larger facility and the start of assembling a dedicated team," said Paul. "Building a skilled team that could effectively collaborate on this ambitious project was a gradual process." Today, Team Vickers has grown to 20 people. "Despite a modest budget and a streamlined team, we have successfully moved from design to production of a fully operational aircraft," Paul stated. New Zealand’s strict regulatory environment presented an additional set of challenges. The down-under country's Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), similar to the FAA, requires LSA manufacturers to meet General Aviation manufacturing standards. "Consequently," Paul continued, "our company must adhere to rigorous standards and navigate various certification obstacles, including following stringent test pilot requirements." "Our approach from the beginning has been to construct the prototype with production tooling, molds, and processes," clarified Paul. "This approach aims to reduce variability in future production stages, though it requires significant up-front investment in research and development, creating production-ready tooling, and composite-structure molds. Many manufacturers prioritize design at the expense of manufacturability, but we have chosen to focus on both, with an emphasis on building production efficiencies from the outset." Composite materials, particularly carbon fiber, pose additional complexity due to their variability. Unlike aluminium, for which structural properties and specifications are standardized and readily available, carbon fiber varies depending on the manufacturer. Each type of carbon fabric has unique characteristics based on the material’s weave, the machinery used in its production, and the proprietary resins applied by the supplier. When we receive the carbon fiber, further factors — such as the composition of the mold, oven types and curing cycles, and vacuum application techniques — affect the final product’s structural properties. Each composite assembly undergoes rigorous testing. "We produce hundreds of test samples (coupons) in various weights and configurations, which are sent to certified labs," began Paul. "These samples are then tested across a range of environmental conditions, including standard daily temperatures, elevated temperatures, hot and wet conditions, and extreme cold. This testing yields 'material allowables' which guide the design and size of components to ensure compliance with our structural requirements. We repeat these tests with various adhesives to validate bonding integrity under similar environmental stresses." "This technical and regulatory rigor provides a snapshot of what’s involved in bringing a greenfield aircraft design to life," Paul continued. "In addition to fundamental requirements, we have introduced unique features, such as automatic wing-folding, anti-flip landing gear, and water thrusters. Integrating these innovations on an amphibious aircraft, while staying within the weight constraints of the LSA category (article on Wave's FAA weight exemption), adds another layer of engineering complexity. Yet, these features are critical to achieving the performance and usability targets we have set for the Wave."Getting Specific
Water Thruster Testing (nearby image) — "Our recent water tests of the Wave’s water thrusters were a resounding success," boasted Paul. "The results showed excellent maneuverability, as well as impressive control and docking ease, underscoring the thrusters' efficiency and responsiveness." View a brief video below illustrating how these work. Flight Testing — "We are embarking on a new phase of flight testing to finalize the remaining design elements. This testing phase includes assessments of new propellers and production-ready anhedral tips for the horizontal stabilizer, all of which are designed to enhance stability, performance, and handling, while improving aesthetics."- Q1 2025: Initial U.S. sales and distribution location announcement
- Q2 2025: U.S.-based manufacturing location selection
- Post-Production First Flight: Opening of order book
Q&A with the Designer
When will the order book open? "Once we have completed production aircraft test flights and we have a fully accurate costing structure." When may first deliveries happen? "First deliveries are scheduled for Q3 2025, These will be in the USA. We will be holding an unveiling event." What is your current expected pricing? "We are keeping this quiet until we have manufactured the first few units; this way, when we announce the price we can stand by and honor it." Have you any more detailed specifications or information? "We are confident with 120-knot cruise, useful load of 750 pounds, and 1,100 nautical mile range. Automatic wing fold will operate on the water with engine running. Using thrusters for the first and last few hundred feet of water maneuvering supplies a very controllable and peaceful start and finish to your adventure." "We have developed new manufacturing techniques that lower cost, increase strength, and save weight, all helping us achieve the incredible useful load." How will you gain approval for Wave? "Wave will also be offered not only as a current LSA and Mosaic LSA, but also as a Type Certified aircraft using the Primary category." "We have taken the time required to ensure Wave comes to market only when it's ready, and we make no apologies for taking the time to get it right. Wave will be well worth the wait and will set a new bar for seaplane quality, functionality, and performance."—Thanks, Paul!
ARTICLE LINKS:
- Vickers Aircraft, company website
- All articles and contact info here on ByDanJohnson.com
Winter is coming, so naturally, it’s time to start thinking about seaplanes… right? It always seems weird to write about water-based activities as frost begins to envelop the northern two-thirds of the country. Yet winter is when all the big boat shows happen because buying new vessels requires advance planning. It’s also pleasant to think about spring and summer while snow flurries fly. For many years I’ve written about this sector and names like Searey, Seamax, and Aventura (all in nearby image) have long been the leading brands. Now the first two are in financial trouble and the last has decamped to Brazil from Florida. Whatever is going on, Vickers Wave may represent a breath of fresh air. In articles last fall and this spring, I gave overviews of the entire LSA seaplane market (read here or here). Vickers Wave Update Vickers previously noted, “Wave has finished its flight testing, resulting in a 120-knot cruise and useful load of 750 pounds powered by a Rotax 916iS (reviewed here).” “A frequently asked question I receive is, ‘What is taking so long?’,” begins Paul Vickers.
Higher Flyer: The WT9 Dynamic Turbo
Lined up on the runway, I open the throttle to the stop. The Dynamic surges forward, my right thumb presses a small button at the base of the throttle quadrant and I push the lever further forward. In an instant there’s 15% more thrust and the speed tape really starts to roll. Ease back on the stick and we’re airborne after a very short ground roll and climbing away at well over 1200 fpm.
Flaps up, and 20 seconds later we’re passing through 400 feet, I pull the power back past the detent and the turbocharger control unit (TCU) reduces boost to 35 inches of manifold pressure. I then lower the nose, dial the prop rpm down to 5500 engine rpm and note the VSI is still showing around 1000 fpm before swinging the shapely spinner onto a south-easterly heading. Already I can see that the field of view is phenomenal and feel that the handling is crisp and taut. That’s just a tease of the WT9’s performance. Let’s back up a step and look at the airplane itself. Access to the cockpit is via the trailing edge of the wing, which features sensibly sized non-slip wingroot walkways. It’s easier if the flaps are down, and I note with considerable interest the sportscar-type mirrors on both sides. The enormous canopy hinges forward, opens wide and is well supported by black gas struts. However, these are a bit too “grabbable” for people climbing in and out, and I’d recommend painting red stripes on them. The cockpit has a maximum width of 42 inches but seems wider. It incorporates several stowage options, including being able to carry 88 pounds behind the seats and 44 pounds under the seats. Settling onto the very comfortable semi-reclined seat I study the controls and instruments with considerable interest. When I tested the 100-hp version in 2018 I felt that although the cockpit was extremely well designed there was still room for improvement and made a few suggestions. Gratifyingly, practically the first thing I noticed was that the rather flimsy toggle switches had been replaced by a row of rugged-looking rockers. The seats are fixed but the rudder pedals adjust. Fixed seats can be light and still crashworthy, which is why most Light Sport manufacturers choose this option. Less satisfactorily, the adjustable rudder pedals can be set asymmetrically, and if the pedals are adjusted while the rudder is deflected it is possible for the pedals to be set neutral when the rudder is not. Worth knowing. Once strapped down with the neat four-point harness I re-familiarize myself with the layout of the instruments and controls. The big panel is dominated by a pair of multifunction Kanardia Nesis III displays. Made in Slovenia, they are highly sophisticated electronic devices which present an astonishing amount of flight and engine information. It could be almost too much information on a single page, but is backed up by a block of annunciator lights at the top of the panel, with a standby ASI and miniature standby EFIS, with the transceiver, transponder and intercom underneath. Thus far it wasn’t that different to the 100 hp version, but I noted two significant additions—the two Flybox electronic controllers, one for the Woodcomp constant speed prop and the other for the flaps, which were purely mechanical on the 100-hp variant. The prop can be controlled either manually or left in constant-speed mode, while the electric flaps can be either set anywhere between 0 and 35°, or in Auto travel to the next of the four preset positions (0, 15, 25 and 35°) when the wafer switch is clicked up or down. I like things simple and for the takeoff I elected to leave the prop set to 5700 rpm and in the CS mode and the flaps in Auto with 15° set. Why make work for yourself? The throttle and its operation require expansion. It consists of a big T-handle with a spring-loaded button that must be pressed to push the throttle up to maximum power. There is a detent at the 100% throttle lever position that gives 100 hp, but 100% engine power (115 hp) is only achieved at the 115% throttle position. The TCU uses the throttle position in conjunction with ambient pressure, airbox pressure, temperature and engine rpm to actuate an electronically controlled wastegate. Thus far I’d found nothing really unsatisfactory ergonomically but annoyingly Aerospool dropped the ball at the final hurdle (and how’s that for mixing your metaphors!) The plungers are all a little bit too "samey" to be so closely grouped together, as the choke and cabin heat knobs are identical in shape, color and movement—they really should be different shapes and colors. Of course, I am being very picky. This is a cockpit that has been thoughtfully designed around its occupants and while you may think “surely all cockpits are?” I can assure you this is far from the case! Should you need it, access to the Rotax 914 engine is good as the top cowling is secured by Dzus fasteners and can be readily removed. It is fed from a pair of wing tanks with a combined capacity of 33.2 gallons, of which 32.7 are usable. The Rotax turns a Woodcomp SR-30 three-blade constant-speed prop fitted with a sharp-pointed spinner. Powerful taxi and landing lights are located either side of the radiator air inlet in the lower cowl, while the frangible panel for the EPS rocket to fire through is aft of the cowling. The nosewheel strut and main undercarriage legs look robust and carry Beringer wheels and brakes covered by snug-fitting spats.Back to the Flying
Taxiing is straightforward as the nosewheel steering through the rudder pedals is precise and the field of view good, except for directly in front as the nose is pitched slightly up. The hand-operated brakes are powerful and progressive. Approaching the runway threshold, I noted the instruments are suggesting a slightly warmer-than-standard day, but at our sea-level airport I don’t even bother to calculate density altitude. We’re well below the 1320-pound max weight, so our power-to-weight ratio is just fine, especially if we use the turbo. However, a previous takeoff had already shown me just how good it can be, so for this takeoff I elected to use only 100 hp and 5500 rpm, not the full 5700, and we were still airborne having used less than half of the 2000 feet of available runway. There’s a slight pitch-up moment as the flaps retract and although the Vy is 69 KIAS, this gives a steep deck angle and a compromised forward field of view, so I trim for 80. Cruising at a representative altitude for UK general aviation (2500 feet) we set 5400rpm and 27 inches of manifold pressure. This gave an IAS of 108 knots for 113 KTAS, on a fuel flow of 4.5 gph. Of course, it will go faster—a lot faster. Open up everything but the toolbox (5500 rpm, which is max continuous, and 33 inches MAP) and the POH claims it’ll do 132 KIAS, although the fuel flow will have increased by almost a third and you’ll be 13 knots past the 119 KIAS top of the white arc.Feelings
Control harmony is excellent; the ailerons are light, the elevator powerful and the rudder nicely weighted. All the primary controls have low break-out forces and minimal “stiction,” with the ailerons and elevator actuated by push rods. These provide a taut feel and powerful precise control in both pitch and roll. Cables control the rudder. Moving onto an investigation of the stick-free stability proves interesting. Directionally it's unsatisfactory but not for aerodynamic reasons. It’s simply because when you introduce an extreme sideslip, the nosewheel’s fairing is holding the rudder on. Longitudinally it’s weakly positive. From a 10-knot displacement it took several long wavelength, high amplitude phugoids before it eventually returned to the trimmed speed. Spiral stability is neutral. The slow-speed handling either flaps up or down is faultless, and although the pre-stall buffet is quite subtle, the optional stick shaker isn’t! Post-stall there’s a gentle wing-rock but the ailerons remain effective, while if the airspeed is slowly reduced the aircraft never really drops its nose at the stall. Instead, the sink rate steadily increases and the Dynamic simply mushes with the nose gently hunting in pitch and the sink rate increasing. It remained controllable laterally and directionally. We were about 110 pounds below max-gross weight, but nevertheless with a combination of full flap, a bit of power and very gradual deceleration the speed fluctuated around 30 KIAS, which really is quite impressive. Clean and with the throttle at idle the wing quit at about 40, and recovered the instant I released the backpressure. In fact, the stall is so benign that I can’t help but think that the stick-shaker is a little OTT. Pitch trim changes are noticeable when the flaps are extended or retracted, but changes in power produce only small changes in trim. The new breed of Light Sports just keep getting better and better— and this just might be the best one yet! From the crisp handling and comfy cockpit to the sparkling performance and exceptional field of view, I loved every facet of this outstanding aircraft. Only one thing could make it better: More power. In fact, Aerospool has fitted the WT9 with the Rotax 915 and 916 examples. Can’t wait to fly one of those!Lined up on the runway, I open the throttle to the stop. The Dynamic surges forward, my right thumb presses a small button at the base of the throttle quadrant and I push the lever further forward. In an instant there’s 15% more thrust and the speed tape really starts to roll. Ease back on the stick and we’re airborne after a very short ground roll and climbing away at well over 1200 fpm. Flaps up, and 20 seconds later we’re passing through 400 feet, I pull the power back past the detent and the turbocharger control unit (TCU) reduces boost to 35 inches of manifold pressure. I then lower the nose, dial the prop rpm down to 5500 engine rpm and note the VSI is still showing around 1000 fpm before swinging the shapely spinner onto a south-easterly heading. Already I can see that the field of view is phenomenal and feel that the handling is crisp and taut.
Buying Used: Tecnam P2008
Development, Features & Flight Characteristics
Tecnam had been making aircraft for the general aviation market for several decades before it began deliveries of the P2008 late in 2009. While the strut-braced high-wing is similar in appearance to Tecnam’s earlier all-metal P92 and P2004 aircraft, the P2008 features a sleek carbon-fiber fuselage and integrated fin to go with its aluminum skinned wings and tailplane. Tecnam has offered three, VFR-only P2008 variants over the years, including a base model powered by a Rotax 912 (both the carbureted ULS engine and fuel injected iS), the TC model with Rotax’s turbo 914, and the JC for the European market. About 75% of the P2008s flying in the United States are likely to be base model planes, with the remaining 25% being turbocharged. Round gauges are standard, but even early buyers seemed to prefer optional glass avionics. Almost all later model P2008s can be found with top-of-the-line Dynon and Garmin panels with autopilots. Featuring Frise ailerons and inner slotted flaps, the plane has cantilever main legs and a castering nosewheel with a compressed rubber suspension system. Unlike most LSA, the seats in the P2008 are adjustable and a vast majority of pilots should find there’s plenty of room inside. The specifications for various models of the P2008 vary due to the powerplant choices, avionics and whether or not a whole-aircraft parachute is installed. It was difficult to find consistent numbers for this article, but a P2008 is likely to have a top cruising speed around 120 knots, stall around 44 knots, climb between 500 & 800 fpm, weigh between 780 and 925 pounds and have a useful fuel load of 30 gallons. Those who’ve flown the plane say engine choice does make a noticeable difference in performance. P2008s are typically heavier than comparable LSAs. Pilots who’ve tried the 912 and 914 versions say the extra horsepower of the turbocharged Rotax greatly improves the plane’s rate of climb, especially on hot days.Regardless of engine, however, the P2008 reportedly handles exceptionally well. “This is the plane I’d want my wife or kids to fly,” Gregor says. “It doesn’t have any bad qualities, and it provides just the right feedback for easy control… not overbearing, but not overly light either. It’s just a whole lot more stable and predictable compared to other LSAs, and I’ve flown most of them.” Reviews of the aircraft also note its gentle stall characteristics, good sight picture over the nose and easy ground handling. If most of your flying is in a Cub or something similar, you’ll have to adapt to the P2008 “sleekness.” The plane’s flowing composite body means less drag, so it doesn’t slow down quite as quickly in the pattern as other light aircraft with boxy metal or cloth fuselages.
Pre-Buy Inspection
Gregor suggests looking for a P2008 with a Rotax 914. Although it will be considerably more expensive than one with a 912, he thinks the performance gain is worth the cost and that you’ll recoup the difference upon resale. That’s not to say you should rule out one with a 912. If you live in a cooler climate and near sea level, the significantly cheaper price may well be worth the difference in performance. But before you buy a used P2008, or any used airplane, you should have a pre-buy inspection done by an A&P who’s familiar with the model. “A pre-buy with somebody who hasn’t worked on that type of plane is probably a waste of money,” contends Gregor. The powerplant should also be gone over by someone familiar with Rotax engines. They are different from conventional GA engines, especially the fuel-injected 912 iS, and even veteran A&Ps can miss things if they’re unfamiliar with how a Rotax works. The P2008, like all new planes, experienced some growing pains, but it seems to have a good reputation overall. Experts do suggest paying a little extra attention to the tail and the fuel system during the pre-buy inspection. They say it’s not uncommon for the bushings in the stabilator to loosen during the plane’s first 200 hours. It’s a simple fix, just tighten a few bolts and the issue is resolved. If the bushings did loosen and bolts were not tightened, they warn some parts may need to be replaced. Fortunately, this shouldn’t be a difficult or expensive repair. As for the fuel lines, check the fittings where they attach at the fuselage. There are some complaints about leakage, possibly due to improper Assembly or owner inattention over time.Maintenance & Ownership
Owners seem to be very happy with their P2008s. There isn’t a P2008 community like those around the Ercoupe or Champ, but the Tecnam Talk forum has quite a number of active P2008 pilots willing to offer advice. Reported maintenance issues are typical, and the plane isn’t any more difficult to work on than any other high wing. Parts are available since the aircraft is still in production, but some owners report there have been delivery delays in the past. The stabilator should be checked during every pre-flight because of the previously mentioned potential for the bushings to loosen up. Gergor suggests gently trying to move the stabilator side to side and front to back. If it budges, have the plane looked at before taking it in the air. While some in aviation aren’t keen on composite-bodied aircraft, the P2008s carbon-fiber fuselage has proven to be durable. Gregor reports no areas are prone to cracking, and more and more A&Ps can easily repair composite aircraft. You’re likely to pay more for a used P2008 than other LSAs, but the plane’s fans say you’re getting a lot of aircraft for the money. They say it’s a great flier and has all the avionics, safety and luxury features you could possibly want. And, says Gregor, it’s a great traveling machine. “I have access to a lot of planes, but if I have to fly cross-country I’ll always pick the P2008. I regularly flew mine from Sebring to Minnesota and back and was always very comfortable,” he said.Most of the factory-built Light Sport aircraft that rolled after the FAA defined the category in 2004 were rather utilitarian—with rudimentary avionics and spartan interiors. Some of today’s Light Sport planes, however, are better equipped and more luxurious inside than GA planes that cost significantly more. Tecnam Aircraft was among the first manufacturers to recognize there was a market for upscale LSAs, and it responded with the P2008. The plane has become one of the company’s most popular aircraft. “I don’t think there’s a better value out there when you look at ownership costs and resale price,” contends Mark Gregor, a former Tecnam dealer and long-time P2008 owner. “I don’t consider it an LSA…just a top choice for a two-seat aircraft.” If buying a used P2008 is something you’re contemplating, then this article is for you. It will introduce you to the aircraft, model variations and flight characteristics, as well as provide advice for a pre-buy inspection and long-term ownership.
Where Are We On Unleaded Avgas?
Industry wide progress on a so-called drop-in replacement for high-octane avgas always seems to go in fits and starts. Lots of noise then a period of silence. Is anyone actually doing something on this, you may ask? The answer is most definitely yes, but the recent news has come more in dribs and drabs than the full-firehose effect we expect around the major airshows. But let’s start here. The other shoe dropped on the sale of leaded avgas in California. There had been a legal agreement (a consent decree) that depended on the availability of an alternative to 100LL but now the transition is being forced by new legislation signed into law this month that “would prohibit an airport operator or aviation retail establishment, as defined, from selling, distributing, or otherwise making available leaded aviation gasoline to consumers on or after January 1, 2031.” Coincidentally, the End Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions (EAGLE) program has as its goal a replacement in place by the end of 2030.
A Multicopter Current Pilots Might Enjoy? …Developed Within Our LSA Industry
Consider Velocitor
Velo X Aerospace is a new venture, the brainchild of light aircraft industry veterans Galen Geigley and Jeff Williams. These names have long been associated with Powrachute, the leading producer of powered parachutes with more than 2,000 aircraft delivered (see video below). These two and their growing team are people who enjoy the same aircraft you do. Look at the nearby renderings. A prototype is flying now in tethered radio-controlled flight. Two more development aircraft will follow in preparation for the coming Mosaic regulation. Galen said they expect to fit in as a helicopter or powered-lift aircraft; both categories are included in the proposed new rule. Going this regulatory route means Velocitor does not have to meet Part 103's restrictive rules. This allows a strong fuselage with enough battery energy to give you a reasonable flight time. It also means the aircraft can be recharged with a single plug. Batteries don't have to be swapped out as on other entries. Eight motors on four booms offers safety redundancy; other models use up to 18 motors with a battery for each. Velocitor's empty weight is about 500 pounds but it has four times more battery energy than other entries.Velocitor Factoids:
Larger batteries allow 45 minutes of flight time with a safety reserve of 15 minutes. Under expected Mosaic rules, the single-seat Velocitor X-1 can deliver aerial enjoyment around town or over scenic terrain. Velocitor is operated by the pilot with a "collective" control on the left governing ascent and descent. On the pilot's right is a joystick moving the usual ways but also twisting for yaw control. No rudder pedals are needed. This machine was not designed to do the flying for you; as pilot, you choose where to fly although a sophisticated LiDAR system will help avoid obstacles such as power lines, trees, and structures. "Velocitor X-1 features auto take-off and landing capabilities," said Galen, in coordination with a Garmin 760 and its autopilot capability. "With eight propellers and motors plus multiple controllers, and batteries, there is no single point of failure that cannot be compensated for, allowing for a safe landing," said Galen. "A very robust computer with three levels of redundancy handles the fly-by-wire controls." Capable of cruising up to 70 miles per hour, Velocitor is speed limited so pilots don't get in over their head; it could reach 120 miles per hour, engineers calculate. Slowing to a hover to check out the scene below, Velocitor will hold position using GPS input. "Simply release the controls and it will maintain its position," Galen added. A rapid-deployment ballistic parachute system has been demonstrated after dropping from a 200-foot-tall crane; deployment uses five ballistic rockets to extract and pre-open the parachute. In tests, video shows it opens very quickly. "The system identifies loss of control and triggers a series of safety measures including parachute deployment," explained Galen. After flying for 45 minutes, Velocitor X-1 can charge up to 80% in less than one hour using existing automobile charging solutions. The design team is leveraging a growing system for EV cars. Charging with household current will take 8-10 hours, Galen estimated. While most Part 103 multicopters state prices from $200,000 to $400,000, Velocitor is forecast at $150,000. While this won't meet all budgets, it is one of the most "affordable" of these eVTOLs I have seen. "Our plan is to make our reveal at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2025," noted Galen. "Here we plan to introduce the world to Velo X Aerospace’s Velocitor X-1 and open the books for pre-orders." The plan is to ship their first aircraft and begin full distribution by end of year 2026.Meet the Man Behind Powrachute and Velocitor X-1
https://youtu.be/9DtoDCmYB-k?si=ZUjs9p40HR_tRRC_Here’s a helicopter-like aircraft you might actually consider. I have often reviewed what I call multicopters (several articles). I searched for aircraft you might fly for fun; several of them can enjoy the freedom and special benefits of Part 103. I’ve stayed away from commercial “air taxi” projects. But what if a longtime producer of Light-Sport Aircraft entered the space? What if the aircraft looked like a helicopter but one you could fly without the steep learning curve? What if it offered 45 minutes of flight with a 15-minute reserve? The earliest entries had short flight times, 15-20 minutes. Most of them cost too much. For example, Opener’s Blackfly (now called Helix) was first promoted at the cost of a “luxury SUV,” perhaps meaning $80,000 at the time. It has since more than doubled in price. You may doubt or dislike these flying machines, especially when you don’t know the people behind the projects.
Flight Design Increases F2 Production — Moves CT-Series
Changing with Global Events
On October 8th, 2024, Flight Design announced, "We have good news to share." With headquarters in Eisenach, Germany, the company's primary production facility is now located in Sumperk, Czech Republic. For years, the Western European producer has been building aircraft in Kherson, Ukraine. Given daily news coverage, every American knows by now Ukraine has been in defense mode following the Russian invasion almost three years ago. After the situation became completely unworkable — Kherson was an early area to be bombed, then occupied by Russian troops — the company quietly removed tooling, inventory, raw materials, and even some workers to less hazardous facilities in the nearby Czech Republic. "F2 series is a very advanced light aircraft," said Flight Design, "available as a Special Light-Sport Aircraft and an EASA CS-23 type-certified aircraft. They are built and production test flown in Sumperk, in the Eastern Moravia region." Flight Design first used Sumperk as an R&D and flight test center during the development of the F2 series before developing production tooling at this location in 2023. F2 is an all-composite high-wing lightplane with many unique safety features including passive stall and spin resistance, a rigid, crashworthy cockpit design and Garmin ESP envelope protection as a part of its advanced, twin-screen Garmin G3X panel. All Flight Design aircraft come with a standard Stratos Magnum Ballistic Parachute System installed. See this prior article explaining F2's stall resistance plus a pilot review.Increased Production
“The best news is that we are [now] ramping up production in Sumperk after the big task of moving our people and tooling from Ukraine," said Daniel Guenther, Managing Director of Flight Design. "We are currently shipping two F2-LSA a month to Airtime Aviation, our distributor in the USA." “We are very happy to be receiving more and more F2 aircraft," said Tom Gutmann Jr., manager of Airtime Aviation. "With the extra allowances under Mosaic we believe that sales will only go up from here as it will increase the utility of the F2-LSA for existing planes we delivered as well as newly-built models. An additional benefit of the increased production is improved quality of the planes as delivered.” FAA’s proposed Mosaic regulation is widely expected to allow higher gross weights and double the speed envelope for the SLSA category. Flight Design envisioned this regulatory overhaul as engineers designed F2. The company believes their planning "will allow previously-delivered F2s to benefit from this significant rule change."Changes for CT-Series
While the company's focus is clearly on F2 as a next generation model following their solid run with the CT-series, they continue to build the CT-series and offered news on that, too. "We have recently moved production of the CT-series — including CTLSi and CT Super (nearby image), which continue to be popular worldwide — to our new partners in Kazakhstan. This allows us to focus more on the F2 at Sumperk,” said Daniel. If you can't recall where Kazakhstan is, don't fret. Such remote fabrication has been used by Boeing and Airbus for many years. The parent company in Germany is permitted to sublet work to off-site facilities so long as they maintain control of the design and conduct regular oversight of production and quality control. After many years of doing exactly that in Ukraine, Flight Design is well equipped to pursue building its CT-series in Kazakhstan, Central Asia.Enjoy Two Videos — F2 from 2021 —
https://youtu.be/dxpFU7UfsQo?si=tJLK81fvIosgfjOz https://youtu.be/DAs_ocUd77E?si=vbMFgKmbdzm37XmDAs we Floridians prepare to face Hurricane Milton starting later today, I’m pleased to give an update on one of our leading companies in the LSA space. I refer to Flight Design, which gained fame for the enviable success of its CT-series aircraft (CT2K, CTSW, CTLS, CTLSi, CT Super). In the United States, more of these models fly as LSA than aircraft from any other brand. In the USA, importing Flight Design aircraft is now handled by Airtime Aviation, a leader in its own right. For two decades, Airtime has been the nation’s #1 seller of Light-Sport Aircraft, delivering to American pilots a large percentage of those hundreds of CT-series aircraft. Importing was previously handled by Flight Design USA; regional dealers also contributed to enlarging the CT fleet in this country. The German designer has enjoyed good success in numerous countries. In addition to those many sales, Flight Design has long been a leader among western producers moving into Eastern Europe to take advantage of skilled technical workers and engineers.
Flying Dynon’s Emergency Glide Feature — Go Down Easy (UPDATED)
Let’s Try It
Updating the software took but a few minutes and it didn’t break a thing—early success! In fact, there’s no outward indication you have the extra features. Until, that is, you press and hold the NRST key. Doing so brings up a notification on the primary flight display: HOLD TO ENABLE EMERGENCY GLIDE. Continue holding and the mode engages. The first thing it does is engage the autopilot in pitch and roll regardless of the previous autopilot mode. Then it syncs the indicated airspeed (IAS) bug with the preprogrammed best-glide speed and sets the AP to hold that value. Depending on how much power you still have available and your current speed, the autopilot might well pitch up to capture IAS hold but in my experience it does so gradually. Once captured, the AP will hold this IAS value plus or minus about 3 knots. (This could be an artifact of how my system is configured and/or the airplane’s responses.) So that’s pitch, and it’s the right way to go—quickly getting the airplane to its best-glide speed and holding it there while you troubleshoot. If that’s all the system did, it would be valuable as a way to manage energy and relieve the pilot of some workload. Of course, this was the easy part of the programming. Much harder is calculating where the airplane might end up. Dynon’s approach is reasonably conservative. It needs to see an airport within the predicted glide circle that’s reachable given the existing winds and not blocked by terrain. This last feature depends on a 1000-foot buffer and worked well in my tests. Emergency Glide will not point you at a nearer airport if there’s terrain in the way. Two outcomes are possible once you engage Emergency Glide. Either the system sees a viable airport or it doesn’t. In the second case, you get a NO VALID AIRPORT annunciation and the autopilot defaults to a track lateral mode that syncs with the current heading when Emergency Glide is enabled.Head This Way
For airports within range, the system sets the candidate as a direct-to waypoint, the autopilot to GPS NAV, calculates a desired vertical profile to the target and sets the altitude bug for field elevation. Moreover, if you have a Dynon or AFS com radio, the feature will pre-program the needed frequencies. In my case, with the Dynon HDX talking to a Garmin GTR 200, it loads the target airport’s UNICOM or tower frequency into the standby slot. All of this takes but a few seconds, giving the pilot a chance to begin troubleshooting while the airplane is headed in a good general direction at a speed that prolongs the descent. Let’s say you have not discovered a tank run dry or some other fixable reason the engine went quiet. The Emergency Glide feature keeps doing its thing. If you have altitude to spare, about a minute before reaching the airport, the system will annunciate NEARING AIRPORT TAKE CONTROL. It doesn’t kick the autopilot off at this point but is warning you that you’re close—time for the pilot to set up for the landing. If you arrive with altitude to spare and have crossed the midpoint of the airport, Emergency Glide will change to CIRCLING APT mode, which is simply a 20° left turn. Dynon notes that because this is a roll-only mode it’s no longer taking wind into account so you could drift away from the airport. Should the airport originally designated become untenable—perhaps the winds have changed or atmospheric conditions have created more sink—Emergency Glide will return to track-only mode with IAS hold. It’s clearly annunciated on the PFD but it’s worth understanding that it could change modes on you. These are all worthy goals but what the Dynon system can’t do—and the company is explicit that it doesn’t—are advanced functions like lining up for a particular runway or even committing the landing. The pilot remains on the hook for configuration control and the hopefully successful touchdown. But there’s little doubt that Emergency Glide is a valuable tool to give the pilot some breathing room to troubleshoot in the air and have the controlled descent handled by the EFIS. The altitude saved or energy preserved by quick actions of the Emergency Glide feature could make the difference between getting back to a runway or putting it down somewhere a lot less hospitable. https://youtu.be/_FUNZeIwk3QI probably shouldn’t admit this, but some features that come with the latest electronic flight instruments have left me a little, um, disinterested. Until I try them, that is. A good example is the concept of “safe glide” or even autoland. Garmin introduced both concepts a few years ago, though the full-autoland idea is more recent and limited to high-end aircraft where the system can control the engine directly. That’s not at my pay grade. The more common version is what Garmin calls Smart Glide and, more recently, Dynon rolled out what it calls Emergency Glide. They work similarly: When commanded, they set up a controlled descent to the nearest viable airport and let the pilot concentrate on other things. To be honest, I was a bit meh about them as safety features. After all, you’re trained to set the airplane up for best-glide speed as soon as you recognize a power failure and all good pilots fly along considering which airports beneath them are reachable.
Buying Used — Zenith STOL CH 750, Backcountry on a Budget
Development, Features, Flight Characteristics
The Zenith Aircraft Company was born in the early 90s in Mexico, Missouri. Its kit planes are based on the work of designer Chris Heintz of Zenair Ltd. His son, Sebastien, is the owner of Zenith. Both have been inducted into the EAA Hall of Fame for their contributions to aviation. The senior Heintz has designed a number of aircraft, but at present Zenith offers three of them in kit form: the STOL CH 701 high wing; the CH 750 high wing, with STOL, Cruzer and Super Duty (SD) variations; and the CH 650 low wing. All models are set up with tri-gear and, with the exception of the SD, all are Light Sport eligible. The SD variant can’t make Light Sport limits as it has a third seat and a 1900-pound gross weight. While Zenith did produce some pre-built aircraft early on, the company is now entirely focused on making kits—and, as mentioned, there are fewer than 50 out there in the world. Zenith reports it’s sold more than 2000 kits all over the world, and Heintz estimates that at least 1000 of them are flying. Our own data, taken from FAA registrations, shows 1301 of them registered. The CH 750 STOL has proven to be the most popular model for builders. “It’s often called the ‘Sky Jeep’ because of its off-airport capabilities, and people love it because it offers a relatively inexpensive way to get into backcountry flying,” Heintz says. The CH 750, like all Zenith aircraft, is an all-metal aircraft featuring matched hole construction. The kits come with pre-drilled holes so that components easily line up with their corresponding parts. This means builders don’t have to worry as much about measuring and alignment during construction, saving them time and allowing them to put together a straighter plane. This accuracy potential, especially for the airframe and wing, means it should be easier to find a used 750 that flies as well as it should because part misalignment during construction is less likely. Since the STOL CH 750 is a kit aircraft, there’s no such thing as a standard configuration. “You’re not buying a Zenith as much as you are buying a Zenith kit put together by someone else,” explains Heintz. “Every one of them will be a reflection of the person who built it. And since people are different, you’ll have different airplanes.” Builders have tried a wide variety of engines and avionics packages, and while interiors tend to be spartan some go beyond utilitarian. The basic specifications for the model can be found on Zenith’s website (zenithair.net), but generally speaking a STOL CH 750 is likely to have a maximum speed of around 100 mph at sea level, TAS cruse at 8000 feet of 100 mph, a stall around 35 mph and takeoff and landing distances of 100 and 125 feet, respectively. The builder’s choice of engine should be a big part of your purchase consideration, according to Randy Shannon, a Zenith SD owner in Drexel, Missouri. The engine’s weight and horsepower can make a significant difference in a Zenith’s performance. “A lot of kit planes are focused toward a particular brand of powerplant, but here you can use an automobile-adapted engine… a non-certified engine like one from Rotax or a number of certified engines,” he explains. “Consider your budget, mechanical ability and knowledge, service possibilities and what you want to be able to do in the plane.” CH 750s are known for their excellent low-speed handling, gentle stalls, good visibility over the nose, and their short takeoff and landing capability. Some pilots may not like the Y-shaped center stick, but it shouldn’t be hard to adapt to and it does make it easier to get in and out of the plane compared to one with yokes or control sticks. The 750 is fairly roomy for a side-by-side Light Sport, and larger pilots should fit fine unless they’re the size of an NFL or NBA player. As for having a nose wheel on a backcountry airplane? Owners argue you shouldn’t be put off by that. While taildraggers may be the norm, a STOL 750 can handle the rugged terrain that most pilots are qualified to fly into.Pre-buy Inspection
As with any used aircraft, having an experienced A&P perform a pre-buy inspection is highly recommended. This is especially true for a kit-built aircraft as it was probably put together by someone who wasn’t an A&P. “You’re going to have some beautifully built aircraft... where someone took a lot of time and care…but you’ll also find some that have been slopped together,” warns Heintz. Judge the quality of workmanship and level of finish carefully, he says. A pretty aircraft isn’t necessarily one that’s well built, and an ugly duckling might be perfectly fine. Fit and finish can also impact the price of the aircraft. Heintz encourages potential buyers to do a bit of fact finding. “Learn why the builder made the choices they did, what their mission was and whether that matches up with your needs,” he says. Being a backcountry type aircraft, Heintz says the landing gear is where the plane is most likely to have damage. “Some owners take the ‘Jeep’ part of ‘Sky Jeep’ a little too far,” he says, but he believes most backcountry pilots maintain their planes at a higher level because they are going into places where they really don’t want to have problems. The 750’s all-metal construction should make it difficult for someone to hide any serious damage, Heintz adds. He also suggests that since many backcountry aircraft are not hangered, you’ll want to look for signs of corrosion and UV damage.Maintenance & Ownership
You shouldn’t have additional maintenance concerns for a kit plane in comparison to a factory-built one—IF it was put together properly in the first place. A good pre-buy inspection should reduce the size of that ‘if.’ Hank Morgan, a Zenith owner in Strawn, Texas, jokingly warns that you might end up doing extra work on the plane regardless of how well it was built. “Every aircraft needs to be kept up,” he says, “but with a kit plane you sometimes work on it and think ‘I can make this better.’ And then you find yourself saying ‘if I do this, then I have to do that…and that will affect this so I… etc.” Morgan should know, as he and his pilot wife are in the middle of rebuilding a 750 and a Zenith 701. He says one of the great joys of owning a Zenith is making it your own. Morgan adds that another thing that makes ownership of a Zenith great is the company’s builder forum. “There’s a lot of good information there about troubleshooting and making improvements,” he says. And, the forum can help you become part of a welcoming community of Zenith pilots. The company recently held a Zenith Homecoming at its Missouri factory, which was very well attended. Looking for a used CH 750? Check out this filtered page on Aircraft for Sale.Purchasing a used airplane can be risky because it’s sometimes difficult to determine whether the aircraft has been taken care of properly. Buying a used kit aircraft? Even riskier. Not only do you have to worry about wear and tear, but also whether the builder knew what they were doing. But that doesn’t mean buying one is foolish. It might allow you to find an aircraft that truly fits your needs, and possibly save you money because its home-built origin will likely reduce the price. If you feel comfortable going this direction, then a used Zenith is worth looking at—and if you don’t, remember that Zenith has also made the CH 750 as a factory-built SLSA, of which there are currently 42 registered in the U.S. Anyway, the company has been making kits for three decades and it has a great reputation in the Light Sport world. Its STOL CH 750 model is especially popular among builders, and you can find used ones up for sale fairly often.
FAR Revisions to Fix the “LODA Problem”
The FAA has published a glut of rule changes affecting CFR Part 1, 11, 61 and 91 regulations that affect, among other things, pilot privileges across a wide range of activities. But for owners of Experimental/Amateur-Built aircraft, the best news is the rescinding of the so-called LODA rule. Recall that in 2021, the FAA changed its stance on owners getting flight instruction in their own homebuilts, which resulted in the need for a “letter of deviation authority.” The FAA, to its credit, quickly came up with a system to issue LODAs to owners and flight instructors, but the underlying requirement flew in the face of precedent. The FAA takes this explanation further in today’s ruling published in the Federal Register and to become effective December 2, 2024. “Previously, §§ 91.315, 91.319, and 91.325 generally prohibited flight training, checking, and testing when compensation is provided. In 2020, the FAA issued Warbird Adventures, Inc.
See This — Radiant’s Low-Coast Angle of Attack
Sometimes the simpler the better. At least that’s the philosophy James Weibe has always seemed to follow. He’s definitely embraced that approach with the new visual angle of attack (AoA) indicator. No electronics. No special pitot tube. The Radiant AoA is a simple vane-style pointer you mount to the wing nearest you—well, because you want to see it. According to Radiant, “Our new Visual AOA provides direct visual feedback of the aircraft’s Angle Of Attack. Any pitch change or power change is immediately reflected in the indication. It is designed to mount on the leading edge of an experimental aircraft. It is available with a generic mount for the leading edge of aircraft. A top side mount for Sonex (low wing) aircraft is also available.” The instrument is easily removable to prevent skewering your next Young Eagles ride. (Mom says thanks.) Weibe includes a demo video for your consideration.
Go Solo! Atec’s Solo 212 Let’s You Fly Yourself in Style, Yet It’s Affordable
One Rare Bird
Solo drew a steady stream of viewers at MAX '24. No one had ever seen it here in the USA before. Indeed, this is the only one in the country. Todd described a lengthy effort to track it down and acquire it. The example at MAX '24 had only 25 hours on it when RT purchased it. Based in the Czech Republic, Atec is lead by Petr Volejník, company owner, general and production manager, designer, and test pilot. "Our special, maneuverable, and quite fast Atec 212 Solo is a non-certified, experimental single-seater airplane designed for experienced sports pilots," the factory states. "This small and enjoyable aircraft is a rarity of its category," they added, one the manufacturer claims can "bring an adrenaline satisfaction" to those excited by its performance. "This one can hit 140 knots," said Todd, though he described a few minor changes to keep it in the current LSA speed limit of 120 knots. With these changes it can be flown by a Sport Pilot using a drivers license in lieu of an aviation medical. "Solo 212 is a single-seater, cantilever low-wing aircraft of carbon composite construction," explained Atec. "A high volume of carbon together with honeycomb sandwich reinforcement provides a very low weight, but high structural strength. Its aerodynamically-pure design is derived from the well-proven Zephyr 2000. This exceptional airplane has no certification, therefore we offer it only in Experimental kit version." Built using a monocoque fuselage, Solo 212 is "made of carbon composite, reinforced with carbon bars and honeycomb sandwich bulkheads," said Atec. An 80-horsepower Rotax 912UL gives this single seater great power while using regular unleaded fuel (the 100-horsepower 912ULS or 912iS requires premium fuel at added expense). The panel can be equipped with a complete set of standard flight and engine monitoring instruments including modern flat screen avionics. Solo 212's upholstered pilot seat is supported by ergonomically-shaped PU foam. Solo's elevator is controlled by pushrods and can be electrically trimmed. The rudder is controlled by stainless steel wire cable.Looking for Two Seats?
Already flying in Europe for some years, a new Faeta 321 NG will be seen at American airshows in 2025. The side-by-side tricycle-gear two seater is a true LSA with approval in the Special category. "Our full-carbon composite airplanes are each individually customized," said Atec. "Since 1992, when the factory was established, we have produced hundreds of airplanes being operated worldwide. We believe that all pilots enjoy Atec airplanes, appreciate their flight characteristics and low-cost operation." With 32 years on the market, more than 100,000 flight hours accumulated and more than 800 airplanes produced, Atec feels comfortable giving Faeta 321 a 10,000-hour operating lifetime. Introduced in 2016, the two-seat Atec 321 Faeta NG came from the earlier not-NG model (nearby images), which itself came from the Zephyr, Atec's first aircraft (1996-2003). Zephyr was updated to a Zephyr 2000 model from which evolved the Faeta 321 series. Faeta 321 can be equipped with a Rotax 912iS fuel-injected engine producing 100 horsepower or the carbureted Rotax 912ULS also producing 100 horsepower though the fuel-injected iS engine can achieved better fuel economy. Check with U.S. importer RT Aviation regarding price and availability of either Solo 212 or Faeta 321 NG.SPECIFICATIONS Atec Solo 212 all information provided by RT Aviation; for aircraft in stock
- Wingspan — 24 feet 6 inches
- Length — 17 feet
- Height — 5 feet
- Wing Area — 78 square feet
- Tailspan — 7 feet 2 inches
- Minimum Empty Weight (Rotax 912ULS, central fuel tank) — 518 pounds
- Max. take-off weight — 827 pounds
- Fuel capacity (central tank) — 13 gallons
- Optional Fuel — 2 wing tanks at 9.25 gallons each, 18.5 gallons
- Powerplant — Rotax 912UL, 80 horsepower
- Cruising Speed — 140 knots (can be slowed for operation by Sport Pilots)
- Never exceed speed — 167 knots
- Stall speed (flaps extended) — 27 knots
- Stall speed (flaps retracted) — 38 knots
- Max. horizontal speed — 157 knots
- Rate of climb — 1,680 feet per minute
- Load Limit — +6 / -4 G
- Flight Range — 560 nautical miles
- Fuel consumption — 4.5 gallons per hour
Was this aircraft the star of MAX, the airshow? Maybe. “It drew a lot of attention,” said a company representative, “a sleek taildragger single seater with a 912 up front.” That it was accented with red inside and out helped, as proven by big auto companies that spend millions to advertise red cars when they want to catch your eye. (Updated 2/27/24: new images at bottom) Atec Solo 212 is the name of the airplane. It will not be their top seller but for plenty of pilots (me included) this was a charmer. Plus, let me spill the beans on its affordability. I don’t know your budget but this beauty could be had, in America, for $100-110,000 reported RT Aviation partner Todd Livingston a couple weeks after MAX ’24 concluded. That price won’t work for everyone, I know, but it’s half the cost of many “reasonably” priced SLSA in fall 2024.
AOPA To Get New Prez in 2025
The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association has announced a successor to current president Mark Baker, who is set to retire at year’s end. In his place comes Darren Pleasance. The association notes that this is only the sixth president in its history, dating back to 1939. Baker has been on the job for more than 11 years. Somebody buy that man a beer! AOPA notes that Pleasance has more than 8000 hours in 50 different types and currently owns three airplanes: A Piper Meridian, a Van’s RV-6 and a Progressive Aerodyne SeaRey. “I’m honored with the opportunity I’m being given to help steward AOPA forward into the future, and I’m inspired by the role AOPA will continue to play in protecting our freedom to fly,” says Pleasance. “I’m grateful for the privilege I’m being given to lead this incredible organization that has had such a positive impact on my life and the lives of all of us who love aviation.” Pleasance joins AOPA at a time when there are pressures across the spectrum, from finding a leaded-fuel replacement to rapidly rising aircraft-ownership costs.
Flying Clubs as Another Route to Affordable Aviation
What role does standardization play?
In the first article, the emphasis was on making the case for how effective high volume of activity is in bringing down costs. However, there are clearly other factors that should also be considered when trying to create a sustainable business model. Possibly, the most important of those factors is the choice of aircraft. Current shared ownership/use aircraft likely encompass a very wide range of makes and models, ages, condition, capabilities and installed equipment. The beauty of this is that pilots can, at least in theory, align their desires and budgets with specific local options. A key practical downside is that the “dating process” between pilots and available options means that few “marriages” actually result for a variety of reasons. This takes us to the thorny question of whether trying to create a standardized offering (i.e., combination of aircraft and access to those aircraft) could open up opportunities, or simply lead to more disagreements over personal preferences. The balance of the discussion here will be that, in addition to volume and a profit motive, creating a standardized offering is essential if progress is to be made. The combination of all these three factors would go a very long way toward removing the barriers of acceptability that can be cited as reasons not to share, and that were explored in the first article. By not having a defined standard for aircraft or how the planes are managed, prospective users/owners are faced with having to make a wide range of decisions without necessarily having the skills or experience to sort through them meaningfully. This complexity and the high risk of making a “bad” choice undoubtedly has some effect on whether people even start on the process, let alone, complete it. This is where MOSAIC comes into the equation because it is an entirely standards-based process when it comes to the proposed new Light Sport definitions covering both aircraft and Sport Pilot privileges. Additionally, it opens up the option for four-seat planes to everyone including Sport Pilots and allows manufacturers to use the ATSM's standards to bring down their costs and adopt new technology. Taking this to its next logical step would be to have a standard for shared ownership/use aircraft that clubs, or entrepreneurs, could operate to. For example, one such offering might be presented as follows with a goal of covering as many prospective needs as possible. The challenge with all of the above is that it does not really provide a clear path forward or even a vision as to what might be. A possible description of how the future could look is presented below as a catalyst to generate ideas and not as an exact prescription for success. So, lets dream and look five to 10 years into the future:- The final version of MOSAIC has been implemented and this has generated a wide variety of new models being offered into the market at significantly lower price points than the legacy and semi legacy companies of today. They take maximum advantage of the standards based processes and benefit from avionics and engines that meet those standards.
- Local, regional and national entities have signed up to a franchise model offering only one make and model of shared use plane enabling a chosen manufacturer to produce large volumes efficiently and cost effectively. This has flow through effects on all the suppliers who can also benefit from longer product runs and improved component reliability.\
- There are four parts to the distribution chain:
- The provider who rents/manages the shared use fleets. They access the aircraft via leases rather than direct purchases. They follow a standard model for management of the aircraft, insurance protocols, currency of users, scheduling, maintenance etc using a franchise type process.
- Leasing companies buy the aircraft from the manufacturer and lease them to the providers. Their key role is to try and balance the supply of aircraft with demand and work directly with the chosen manufacturer on support, spare parts etc.
- Individual or corporate investors lend to and/or invest in the leasing companies but do not take any active management role. The only difference between these investors and others is that they have explicitly bought into and support the concept on a macro level rather than seeing each aircraft purchase as a new investment. This creates a far more fluid and cost-effective process by cutting down on duplicative bureaucracy.
- The aircraft manufacturer has committed to a standard product and very competitive pricing knowing that they can expect certain volumes of aircraft on an ongoing basis.
- Flights schools have also bought into the concept of an affordable standard product for their training operations making the transition for graduating students into the shared use fleet seamless.
- Pilots can sign up at the local level and be approved to use the standard aircraft model with varying levels of commitment while benefiting from lower prices than traditional rental options and no administrative or ownership burdens. In many cases their provider would also be the local flight school or FBO. Being well equipped, professionally managed and full of technology has gone a long way towards the removal of many barriers to people’s willingness to share.
- Average flight hours per active aircraft are up twenty-fold contributing both to more affordable flying while offering everyone in the chain a good profit potential.
- More pilots are active and current which, when combined with access to modern aircraft, has created a far safer operating environment for all.
- The planes remaining in personal ownership tend to be more specialist and higher end.
In the previous article, I explained how high levels of flight activity can make access more affordable and, for most people, how that would likely be achieved only through some form of shared ownership/use. The use of the term “shared ownership/use” is deliberate because not everybody really wants or feels the need to “own” something they use but, perhaps, believes that there is no other realistic or safe alternative. This article is based on a close examination of the reasons people give for not being open to any form of sharing and looking at how those barriers might be removed. It will also try to address the second, less discussed, part of affordability, which is “accessibility” to shared use aircraft. There is little benefit to being able to afford what does not, essentially, exist. A good, but somewhat parallel, example of this has been the original iteration of Light Sport Aircraft and Sport Pilot Licenses.
Kitfox’s Reasons for De-Emphasizing the SLSA
In the normal order of things, a successful product will probably remain in production until demand slackens, technology changes or it can’t be built effectively. But there are other reasons, some not so obvious. Case in point? Kitfox Aircraft. Since 2009, when the company began selling the Series 7 Sport, it’s cranked out roughly 40 of the factory-built LSAs, with sales always outpacing the company’s ability to produce for the first few years. Eventually, Kitfox began selling the S7 Sport with various engine options, up to the Rotax 914. Sales over the last few years have slowed to a relative trickle, but not really for reasons you’d think. First of all, the company’s bread-and-butter is the kitbuilt side of the market, so when the factory buildings are busy and full to overflowing and the order book is growing, company owner John McBean elected to prioritize the kit side of the business over the ready-made side.
MAXed Out — Popular Mt. Vernon, IL Show Reveals Dozens of Aircraft, Sets New Records
MAX 2024
A few aircraft vendors who committed to exhibit space have challenges arriving each year. That happens at the big shows, too. MAX follows AirVenture by a month and the huge Wisconsin event strains both staff energy and company finances. In some cases, a supplier may have sold all their aircraft and have nothing to display. Nonetheless, "I counted 32 exhibitors that arrived for the show," said airport manager Chris Collins. He also noted a few other statistics. "Just over 600 aircraft operations were conducted (see FlightAware graph) — a new record!" In other comparisons, Chris noted, "We sold 733 gallons of mo-gas — up 67% from 440 gallons in 2023, another new record!" He also identified that 118 transient visitors arrived in their own aircraft. That number does not include airplanes in exhibits. Of course, the number of pilots attending MAX 2024 is far different than the enormous throngs that attend the two major events. Yet that isn't a useful measurement because visitors get a different experience in Mt. Vernon. At MAX, an interested pilot can likely ask the seller all the questions he or she has. Even better, you can probably get a demo flight in one or more aircraft that truly interest you.Right Time of Year
From its first year in 2009, Chris and team have subtly shifted the dates, seeking the right combo that is not on a major holiday yet provides accommodating weather. Clearly, the Mt. Vernonites found the magic. MAX partner, Jana Filip excitedly noted, "We had great weather, all three days! Zero rain. Aircraft were flying all day long, every day!" That is indeed the magic for attendees looking to check out an aircraft they hope to purchase. "It was a most exciting year for Midwest Aviation Expo," continue Jana. "With a name change, formerly Midwest LSA Expo, now Midwest Aviation Expo — hence 'MAX' — the operation functioned seamlessly." Since I've long stressed the value of demo flying, let's make a comparison. At Sun 'n Fun, LSA and Sport Pilot kit aircraft suppliers can fly from the Paradise City turf runway with great ease. They do exactly that, with many demo flights taken. One downside is that so many are operating from that runway that it can become congested and pilots must watch a wide variety of traffic very closely. At AirVenture, the Fun Fly Zone airstrip is also busy but even less accommodating of demo flights partly due to an awkward approach to landing. EAA has longer-term plans to completely alter this. While that will be most welcome, it will take time and then every vendor starts again to pick the right location for their display. Conversely, MAX offers the #1 easiest place to demo fly that I have ever seen. During the event, the airport "belongs" to the light aircraft crowd. The runways are wide and long. Congestion is never a problem. If you plan well, you could take several demo flights — most vendors have a schedule and you should get on them if you want to get the most out of your visit. MAX "concentrates, encourages, and rewards for demonstrations flights during the three-day sport aviation event," observed Jana. "Our new motto is, 'Fly it! Buy it!'. And they did…" "To encourage the promotion of demonstration flights," Jana continued, "the Midwest Aviation Expo hosts daily Dance Cards for the Daily Demo Derby." Event organizers started encouraging exhibitors to book their demo flights during AirVenture as MAX follows only five weeks later. Clearly, they followed the advice and filled their slots for 2024. Does the Daily Demo Derby work? With that kind of airport encouragement, you bet it does. Vendors compete vigorously. It's a triple win: customers get aloft in aircraft of interest; vendors qualify more potential customers and get to show off their flying machines; the airport gets lots of activity (graph). And, yes, winners emerge. "On Thursday RT Aviation won with Rans close behind," noted Jana. "On Friday Piston Aviation won the Derby with their fleet of four Bristell LSA. Piston repeated on Saturday; their Chief Demo Pilot gets big kudos," Jana exclaimed! What do these winners accomplish? On Saturday, Piston Aviation and their Bristell fleet delivered 18 demo flights, the most ever by one exhibitor on a single day. Total demo flights recorded at KMVN over three days was 98. "This was way up over years prior," Jana said. That leads to the final magic. Organizers reported 16 sales were made over three days and my regular surveying of aircraft sales at events suggests at least an equal number could follow in a few months afterward. By any measure MAX has become a solid success. The aircraft sales put wide smiles on the faces of pilots and that's a value that's hard to beat.Still to Come from MAX '24
In addition to this overview, I am planning a report on Future Vehicles Dingo and the Atec 212 Solo sold by RT Aviation. Thanks to Vickie Betts, I also secured enough video footage to complete a video interview with Rans' Michele Schlitter shot at last year's event. I hope you'll return to read or watch these upcoming stories. Finally, in a way to show the maturity of MAX, they already have a lead sponsor for the 2025 event. The team from RT Aviation will take that honor. It was provided for this year's event by Daniela and Jeremy Knoll (nearby image) in their new enterprise of Rotax Service Center, Advanced Powerplant Solutions. The 2024 event was dedicated to my longtime partner, "Videoman Dave" Loveman. One of the most vocal supporters of the Mt. Vernon show, Dave never missed until he succumbed to health challenges in fall of 2023.Airshows Can't Happen Without Volunteers (or Sponsors)
Like X (formerly Twitter), my favorite fall airshow has altered its name. Actually, it changed subtly over 16 years of operation but is now called the Midwest Aviation Expo, or MAX. The major airshows have changed, too. EAA AirVenture Oshkosh was formally just “Oshkosh,” unless you live in Oshkosh, in which case it’s merely “EAA.” In Lakeland, Florida, Sun ‘n Fun Aerospace Expo is widely known simply as “Sun ‘n Fun.” Few pilots will use the longer title. MAX is Midwest Aviation Expo. Maybe it took 16 years, but that is one snazzy, snappy marketing handle for the main event of the light aviation crowd. The big shows apparently like long, descriptive, all-inclusive names, but “MAX” handily outshines them, IMHO. MAX 2024 A few aircraft vendors who committed to exhibit space have challenges arriving each year. That happens at the big shows, too. MAX follows AirVenture by a month and the huge Wisconsin event strains both staff energy and company finances.