In the early days of Light-Sport Aircraft, a veritable tsunami of flying machines crossed the Atlantic or Pacific to land on American shores. In the earliest days imported aircraft comprised more than two-thirds of all entries on the market and that situation persisted for a few years. Later, American companies — which had been relegated to building kit aircraft due to regulations at the time — joined the growing parade. Today American-made LSA represent better than half of total registrations. Of course, U.S.-based kit-aircraft makers continue to do well as my recent article showed. Fully manufacturing an aircraft is quite a dissimilar business model from manufacturing a complete kit and supporting home builders (arguably the bigger task). Both are demanding enterprises but require different staff, different facilities, and different machinery.

Hidden to Visible

Although I have been an advocate of Part 103 ultralight vehicles since they first began in 1982, for many years this was something of a sparse, desert landscape with fewer choices than many of us would've preferred and almost no news coverage about them. Call them sleeper aircraft if you will. The 103 industry labored behind a thick curtain emblazoned with all things LSA on the public side. If you noticed anything going on behind the curtain, you were the exception. Along the way, however, things had been changing. I can't date when this happened but I would estimate that it started to get legs approximately five to seven years ago, after the first decade of LSA had passed. At first, I was not aware of this market interest and from speaking to numerous producers, I found they didn't know either. Each manufacturer essentially operated within their own bubble, selling to people who admired what they were doing, but… who else knew? As LSA held the spotlight, and as many GA pilots made the transition from more complex and costly conventionally-certified aircraft, they begin asking suppliers to fit more and more features on the airplanes. The airframes themselves went through a generation or two of change and became much more sophisticated and capable. The downside: they got more expensive, too. LSA brought many great things to the marketplace and I remain as excited about them as ever. Not only did this new breed of aircraft permit pilots to acquire some sophisticated, fuel-efficient, and modern aircraft, LSA allowed many pilots to forego their next aviation medical and they were able to keep flying without that limiting factor (yet still earning an admirable safety record, I hasten to add). While LSA are available below $100,000, many have gone far above that even exceeding $200,000 or even $300,000. For many pilots that's not only too much money, it's more capability than they needed simply to go aloft for a bit of aerial sightseeing at the end of a pretty day.

Part 103 Goes Large

As I labored throughout 2021 to find every Part 103 ultralight vehicle I could uncover — now presented in the warmly-received Part 103 List – I discovered a market intensity beyond my expectations. You can see this for yourself via 89 models from 57 manufacturers. Many of those are U.S.-made products but lots of innovative ideas also come from Europe and a handful of other countries. One of those countries is Romania. While you might struggle to find that nation on a map, there are smart people everywhere and capable businessman willing to bring fresh aircraft to market. One of those is AVI Aircraft and their Swan series offered by businessman, Radu Berceanu. This company offers a Part 103-capable vehicle and has both electric and gasoline versions. They have a unique folding mechanism that allows a Swan to fit into the tiniest trailer you could imagine. While negotiations remain ongoing, it appears quite probable that Swan will make its American debut at Oshkosh 2022. When that arrangement is finalized, I will follow up with more detail. Meanwhile, the world of Part 103 ultralights continues to show amazing activity and brings the prospect for even more light, recreational, affordable aircraft. That's worth celebrating, I think.

A Personal Note

In the last week our household joined an estimated 150 million Americans that have probably encountered Covid. My wife, Randee (whom many of you know from airshows), enjoys volunteering with various community-aid organizations. That puts her out in public somewhat more, where I work out of the home and interact far less. After she tested positive and then showed the effects, it was just a matter of time before I did, too (we've been vaccinated). As endless articles show, the omicron variant is quite transmissible, but fortunately, it's less serious than the earlier variants. We are both recovering now although dealing with this slowed my productivity. I trust you'll understand if my output has not been what it usually is. By this time next week I expect to be fully back on track and bringing you more news about light, recreational, affordable aircraft. Thanks for understanding.

For three years at Aero Friedrichshafen, the wonderful April show in the south of Germany, I have admired one genuine ultralight called Swan. Yes, "ultralight!" Swan may not look like a U.S. "ultralight vehicle" as Part 103 rule writers deliberately named the type. Yet I use the term with care. So does the Swan producer. The company is well aware of three national standards with which Swan neatly complies, they said: England's SSDR or Single Seat DeRegulated, or Germany's 120-kilogram class or FAA's Part 103. These are all surprisingly similar (see this article for more). Swan may need to be equipped carefully to achieve this but the producer assured me it was possible. Naturally, I get that not everyone is into ultralights and/or single seat aircraft. However, interest appears stronger than in many years. No doubt many potential buyers look closely at purchase prices they can afford while for those lucky enough to afford two airplanes, Swan could be their "sport" airplane as some spam can works to haul the family around. Swan is the "affordable, foldable airplane," said company owner, aeronautical engineer, and developer Radu Berceanu of Romania. His company is called Avi and they specialize in composite structures ranging from swimming pools to components for street trams and railroad trains. This diversity helps a small airplane producer build such a sleek looking product Radu's website only reveals their industrial products today but will be updated for their aircraft, he said at Aero 2018. Until then, the company recommends the website of their German outlet, Modern Wings. In 2017, Avi exhibited an electric engine version with a maximum take off weight of 300 kilograms or 660 pounds. In addition to a two seater seen nearby, the Romanian company plans a float version with a slightly higher gross of 315 kilograms or just under 700 pounds. "Every version has, after the name Swan, the empty aircraft weight in kilograms and, after the dash, the engine power in horsepower," said the engineering-oriented company that uses the latest Catia design software for these projects. "For example, Swan 130-30 means a 130 kilogram (286 pound) empty weight version of the aircraft with an engine of 30 horsepower."

From the beginning, Swan was planned with an enclosed cockpit so the pilot could be comfortable in low temperatures without needing a bulky flight suit. A cockpit heating system can be added as an option. Two ventilation systems are provided; one to prevent the windscreen fogging during taxi and another to supply fresh air. Alternatively, when the weather is hot, "the door can be simply removed," said Radu.

The inside is spacious enough for quite tall or large pilots and the roomy cockpit has a large area for luggage that can be accessed during the flight.

The conventional configuration — tractor engine, tricycle gear, high wings — were chosen to make for easy transition for pilots. "The front wheel is mechanically braked by a handle on the joystick," said Radu. "Optionally, Swan can have a single hydraulic brake or the main gear wheels can be differentially braked using the pedals." "A special design was chosen so that the aircraft can be easily disassembled and stored in a closed trailer, which we offer as well," Radu said. The trailer can carry 750 kilograms (1,650 pounds) and measures a lean 6 feet by 6.25 feet by 18 feet. Even on Europe's narrow roads, this would be quite maneuverable and many American yards or driveways could easily accommodate such a small trailer.

The process of assembling and disassembling Swan for the trailer "takes no longer than 20 minutes because only seven screws need to be removed without affecting the flight controls."

Only a handful of Swans are flying today; Radu said 11 so far. No price is set for U.S. consumption …yet, but this may change after the aircraft becomes better known. To learn more, make direct contact by email. I predict you will hear more about this aircraft but to hear about it from its creator, watch this interview with Radu at Aero Friedrichshafen 2018… https://youtu.be/pYp0bXHfow8

In my views of Swan at previous Aero Friedrichshafen shows, the design caught my eye as it was (a) a single seater, (b) light enough to qualify as a Part 103 ultralight or its European equivalents, and (c) as it was an all-composite, nicely designed aircraft. Commonly, Part 103-capable designs are much more basic to remain within the tight limits. This statement also applies to the German 120-kilogram category or to Britain's Single Seat DeRegulated (SSDR) description. As Aero contributor and Powered Sport Flying publisher Roy Beisswenger and I frequently discuss, the most likely place for electric propulsion to work today is in ultralights. This is because in very light aircraft with more local flying missions, battery weights for a modest period of flying (30-60 minutes) is already achievable in the very lightest of powered aircraft. We have been discussing this with FAA for more than three years. I was especially interested to see that Swan had a electric motor installation at Aero 2017 and it appeared as clean as their other aircraft displays have been. SWAN is a single-seater ultralight aircraft created and manufactured by Modern Wings. Swan is made of light composite materials that allow it a refined and smooth shape compared to older ultralight entries. The company, lead by Radu Berceanu, was formed in 2007 "with the goal of producing high quality ultralight aircraft at low costs."

Radu and Modern Wings offer several varieties of Swan. One is a version with 115 kilogram (253 pound) empty weight which meets the requirements of the USA Part 103 regulation and those of Great Britain's sub-microlight SSDR regulation.

Another version with 120 kg empty weight meets the requirements of Germany's regulation.

"We ruled out all configurations that can be problematical for an inexperienced pilot," said Radu, to include a pusher engine and a tailwheel landing gear model.

Swan 120 — when a gasoline-powered aircraft — is a high-wing ultralight that weighs 240 pounds empty when equipped with a Polini 250 engine (the sort often used on larger powered paraglider). The Romanian company displayed a standard Polini-equipped aircraft at Aero 2017, but also had a Geiger-equipped alternative. This was still as a prototype, Roy clarified. "The installation of the electric motor was very clean, with the boom-mounted powerplant located right where the typical gasser engine would be," observed Roy. "The battery installation on this one is better than on some designs, which pack the batteries into the existing engine compartment." Instead, batteries for Swan were mounted under the passenger seat, which no doubt improves the center of gravity and stability of the aircraft. It would also seem safer in the event of a poor landing or other mishap. "Swan was just one example of electric power being offered, or soon to be offered right next to gasoline-powered aircraft at Aero 2017," concluded Roy. Learn more about Swan at Modern Wings. To have direct contact, email Andrei Berceanu.