Over the years, Titan Aircraft has made their Tornado a familiar aircraft seen at flight parks and airports around the nation. Since it was introduced in '91, the sleek, efficient plane has evolved into a variety of models. This month we examine the fine work of Roger Bacon who created a lovely red-and-white Tornado II 912, powered by the 100-hp Rotax 912S 4-stroke powerplant expected to be commonplace on light-sport aircraft. Bacon's airplane is licensed in the Amateur-built category but its facts and figures suggest it could be flown with FAA's proposed Sport Pilot certificate (until FAA's new rule is introduced, a private pilot's certificate or better is required). Usually I prefer to fly a factory airplane to make sure it correctly represents what a buyer might receive. However, Bacon's model is so well done, Titan Aircraft encouraged a test flight. Thanks to Bacon for his willingness to let me take his pride and joy aloft. Popular Design Even with the potent Rotax 912S and all its related hardware plus controllable-pitch prop, Bacon estimates his Tornado has a 647-pound empty weight including the empty cargo pod. From the plane's 1,000-pound gross weight that leaves a 353-pound useful load. Fuel at 14 gallons leaves 269 pounds of occupant and luggage. A pretty lean Bacon could carry a lightweight occupant or virtually all the baggage he cared to bring along. It was a warm Florida day when I flew his machine, which highlighted one drawback of a fully enclosed model like the Tornado 912. Good fresh-air inlets are important as you sit in a greenhouse-like Lexan cockpit.  Bacon admits he put the air inlet a little too far aft. Moving them slightly forward would improve their operation, he says. I had to put my right hand down near the NACA inlets to direct more air at me. Fortunately this wasn't Florida's hottest day or the air shortage could have been uncomfortable. However, despite the warmth inside the Tornado, I had to admire the detail that went into this particular model. Titan Aircraft designed the Tornado II 912 to a +6g/-4g limit load capability at 1,000 pounds gross weight. Such strength - representing a higher ultimate load limit than most factory-built general aviation aircraft - combined with the Tornado's superb handling made for an inspiring flying machine. No wonder Titan has enjoyed great sales of this line of aircraft. After a review of Bacon's numerous, very clearly labeled controls and interior, I entered the pilot-in-command seat of his Tornado. Front seat entry is easier than the rear as the door allows more room to bring your legs and feet inside. Like many other pilots, I've always been attracted to the Tornado cockpit. The laid-back, curvaceous seat with the control stick emerging through an opening is fetching. Besides the fighter pilot styling of the plane, Bacon had his interior finished off with sound-deadening material. A large panel presented all the instruments you need in a light plane. However, this introduced one of my few criticisms of this Tornado. With the light entering the cabin from certain directions the white face of the instrument panel reflected significantly in the windscreen. A black panel, though more commonplace and therefore less striking visually would reduce reflection and suit me better. The way the panel narrows at the bottom allows sufficient room for your legs though no Tornado will give you much room to move your legs around in flight. This is even less so in the rear. Cabin Controls The Tornado's cabin may be on the snug side for some larger pilots, but more so than most other ultralights, it imparts a gutsy, go-get-'em feel. Almost everyone loves the sensation. Controls are generally close at hand though some have to be unusually placed. Perhaps in an effort to economize interior room, Bacon's throttle had a very short throw, such that when adding power the action is almost sudden. Applying fine control will take practice. The choke lever, located right below the throttle, also has a very short arm. And where Bacon mounted his GPS, it tended to bump against my knee. A trim wheel is located below your left thigh under the seat. The outside of the trim wheel is your guide to its rather nonintuitive operation. My mantra became: outside of the wheel up for nose-up, and outside of the wheel down for nose-down. Any memory jogger that works for you will suffice, but you need a system, as the wheel is different than most trim controls. The prop control switch, located right above the trim wheel, is up for more prop rpm and down for less prop rpm. Though you can't see this switch while flying, its movement is intuitive. Taxiing out for takeoff, I experimented with the Tornado 912 before committing aviation. I found Bacon's toe brakes to be a little difficult to find at first and not particularly effective. Most aviation brakes lack the power we're used to in autos, but neither are they as vital for normal operations. The Tornado's suspension, or lack thereof, made for a fairly rough ride on South Lakeland Airpark's turf runway, suggesting this particular aircraft may be better suited to hard-surface runways. Finally positioned on the runway, I gently opened the throttle on Bacon's Tornado II 912. I've experienced 912 takeoffs before on light aircraft and find that full power is rarely needed. Most pilots find an excess of power to be valuable but 100 horses for 1,000 pounds seems overkill in my mind. However, by applying the throttle smoothly and steadily, takeoff came without incident and certainly delivered a sensation of power. In no time Bacon's Tornado was dashing down the runway and ready for rotation. When you approach for landing in the Tornado, you can be glad of two things. First, this is one hard-working wing that produces an uncommon amount of lift for its relatively short 23.5-foot span. The wing design derived from Mark Beierle's Thunder Gull and it remains one of the finest-engineered wings I've experienced in flying many light aircraft. Aiding the efficient wing are large flaps that deflect downward to a sharp angle (about 40°). These two design features combine to take the speedy Tornado down to genuine ultralight approach speeds. In my mind, the go-fast, then go-quite-slow capability of the Tornado line may be one of its best attributes. In aviation, the "Holy Grail" of design aims at a 4:1 ratio of fastest cruise to slowest stall. Titan Aircraft has achieved a range in the Tornado 912 that runs from a 120-mph cruise to a 35-mph stall (with best flaps), putting the design very close to the magic ratio. Aerodynamic Controls Fortunately for Titan Aircraft and those who buy their aircraft, the speed range is only one of several good virtues of the design. The Tornado also exhibits some of the best handling qualities to be found in light aviation. Tornado rudder pedals are quite powerful. Only a little movement was needed to move the control noticeably. Since your legs are stronger than your arms, this small-movement-for-good-response characteristic doesn't spoil the feeling of good control harmony. My Dutch roll coordination exercises went quite well to quite steep bank angles, no doubt partly thanks to this aircraft being equipped with spades. These aerodynamic surfaces lighten control feel by accentuating the input of the pilot. Some engineers say spades are not necessary and hanging them out in the wind at the end of the wing is not graceful design work. But having flown several Tornadoes with and without spades, I'm willing to state I prefer them on this aircraft. Do you wonder how spades work? Here's a brief explanation: Spades are shovel-shaped surfaces, rigidly mounted on arms forward of the ailerons. They provide aerodynamic balance and reduce the effort needed to roll the airplane. When the ailerons are neutral, the spades are aligned with the airstream and do nothing. But when an aileron is deflected upward, for example, its spade tips downward. Air pressures on the spade help the aileron do its job. Think of a small person on one end of a teeter-totter who helps a larger person at the other end push off the ground. The farther the aileron is deflected, the larger the force supplied by the spade. Aerobatic pilots describe spades as bringing a feel like power steering on a car. The Tornado is efficient enough that rudder pressures were light and it seemed best to lead with the ailerons when making reversing maneuvers. Once in a turn, the Tornado continued the turn, almost on its own. Very little input was required to maintain a set bank angle. During roll entry and exit my lack of familiarity with this particular aircraft caused me to not keep the ball centered. This is not uncommon on aircraft with light, responsive controls yet most pilots will adapt quickly enough. A lot of P-factor is at work on Bacon's Tornado, no doubt attributable to both the potent engine and a prop that can bite a lot of air depending on where it is set. I could advance the throttle and move the prop to high rpm and watch the ball leave its coordinated place in the center of the tube. During most of my flight in this Tornado, it seemed I needed to keep the nose a little higher than I naturally wanted to, the opposite of many ultralights I've flown. This may be explained by the wide-open view over the tapering nose. The "Hoo-Yah" Factor Nobody flies a light aircraft with a 100-hp Rotax 912 and comes away with a ho-hum response. The combination easily creates a level of excitement about its overall performance. Add a controllable prop to the mix and you have some serious enthusiasm being generated. My interaction with Bacon's electric prop was better than a similar experience in the Sky Ranger. On that French design, I didn't operate it correctly mostly due to lack of any indicator saying where it was set. I put the prop into a too-coarse setting with the power reduced and the engine felt sluggish. All constant-speed general aviation props have instruments that help you set the prop precisely. Such would be valuable in light aviation as well, but once owners get enough time with the system, they hardly need a gauge to tell them where the prop is set. I found the comfortable cruising speed proved to be about 90 mph indicated, or perhaps even a bit more. However, this Tornado could clearly run much faster. At about 4,500 rpm with the prop properly pitched I recorded about 105- to 110-mph cruise. At full boost, it can exceed 120 mph. Conversely, at 5,500 rpm with the prop pitched high and holding 75 to 80 mph I was able to keep the vertical speed indicator (VSI) climb pegged at an impressive 2,000 fpm. At near idle thrust, and about 60 mph with no flaps, the descent rate hit 1,000 fpm. With just a little power and the same speed, the descent rate dropped to a more modest 500 fpm. However, in an engine-out situation, the descent rate appears to be rather high. Given the small wing area, this is hardly surprising even if the wing design works hard to produce lift. Bacon reports his Tornado carries 14 gallons of fuel. At a high 120-mph cruise speed, he says his Rotax 912S has a 2-hour duration with generous reserve. Therefore it can cover 250 miles before refueling. I'm confident that if you backed off to 95 to 100 mph, your endurance would jump significantly. On the Tornado 912, the stabilator has an 8-foot span versus the 7-foot span used with smaller engine installations. Longitudinal stability was good and the wider span surely helped. I didn't disturb the controls aggressively but in all checks I made, the Tornado returned to level flight rapidly. However, extra power added energetically does push the nose over, as you'd expect from a design with high thrust line. Adverse yaw on this Tornado was interesting. It did not immediately tend to go in the right direction but neither did it try to go the opposite direction. It merely hesitated for a moment and then moved the proper way. Buying a Whirlwind The airframe kit for the Tornado is $13,500. Add the Rotax 912S engine ($12,990) to that and you'll just about double your investment. You could also choose the 80-hp Jabiru 2200 engine and save $3,000 for 20 horses less, making it a better price deal than the 81-hp Rotax 912 at $11,770. However, that's just the beginning. Titan Aircraft offers a long list of options that will help you get rid of your tax refund. For example, Bacon's luggage pod adds $890 and if you want the 150-mph "Vne package," you'll add $500 to the price of the 912 or "S" model kits (see sidebar, "Titan's New 'S' Model Tornado"). Hydraulic brakes will add $723 and you need to scan the list on their literature or Website for more choices. Beyond accessories, you may wish to explore a good list of building options. For example, you can choose prebuilt wings for $2,800 or the Fast Build option for $5,900. Crating of whatever kit you buy will also add a few dollars. I didn't ask Bacon what he invested, but based on the information above, he's got well over $30,000 in his Tornado 912. Titan Aircraft estimates build time for a standard Tornado at 150 to 300 hours. All required materials, components, and fasteners are included in the airframe kit. Not included in the basic kit are engine, propeller, and instruments because of different customer preferences. The company's quick-build option is popular among pilots who'd rather fly than build. Titan says the Tornado Fast Build Kit "includes a completed wing; the control surfaces and wing tips are built, but not installed. The fuselage has the aluminum skins, controls, tail assembly, landing gear, and brakes installed. It does not include installation of engine, fabric, instrument panel, windows, doors, fiberglass parts, interior, or finish work." Naturally, if you deck out your Tornado as elegantly as Roger Bacon did, you'll have more time and money into it, but whatever you pay and however long it takes to build, my guess is you'd enjoy flying your Tornado as much as I enjoyed Roger's.