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Gemini Industries

Phone: (574) 842-4185

Culver, IN 464119667 - USA

Gemini Twin

By Dan Johnson || February 26, 2004 4 Comments

"It's the people behind the wings that are the important aspect," says Randy Snead of Gemini Powered Parachutes. His comment came in a reply to my question about why he prefers to work with only two suppliers of canopies for the powered parachutes he produces. His customers may say something similar thing about Randy.

As Randy continues to untangle lines, we can get a closer look at the Gemini Twin airframe. While at first glance, most powered parachute carriages seem pretty similar, each manufacturer designs their particular machine to meet the safety and comfort needs they deem most important for their customers. In the case of the Gemini Twin, Randy has incorporated the newer style roll bars coming up from the front axle to mate with the center frame, and he uses a chromoly steel landing gear as opposed to fibreglass rods to provide more strength to that important component. In addition, the Gemini Twin airframe is longer than most other models, offering more room for pilot and passenger in their separate seats. And, lastly, Randy was able to move the instrument panel closer to the pilot| an accommodation for older eyes!

Randy Snead, the principle owner of Gemini Powered Parachutes, untangles the line to his canopy as he prepares to take the Gemini Twin for a spin around the pattern at EAA AirVenture 2002.

And, he's off, with parachute fully inflated, he's ready to add power and get airborne.

The romance of powered parachute flying lies in nearly unlimited visibility from either seat, and the ability to fly low and slow over various terrain. Like any open-air machine, powered parachutes allow their fliers to see and smell all that's about them.

A New Powered Parachute From a Well-Known Leader Randy Snead branches out into his own company Once an important figure in Buckeye Industries, Randy is known to many as the man who worked on the technical side and performed flight-testing for Buckeye. When the former company fell into struggle (see Editor’s Note), Randy departed to do his own thing. Customers who followed state, “It’s the people behind the company” that are important. I can find no argument with this approach; we all tend to trust those we know. In turn, Randy is assisted by people he trusts. His wife, Fern, is the business manager and also operates the parts and ordering department for the young firm. Their son, Jeremiah, has experience in general aviation aircraft, weight-shift trikes, and powered parachutes, and he’s built many powered parachutes. In the EAA way, Gemini Powered Parachutes is a family affair. Introducing Gemini Powered Parachutes “It’s the American way” say others. The ease with which folks like Randy can start off on their own demonstrates America’s support of entrepreneurialism, part of what makes this country great. When times got tough, Randy set off to make his own way. Though the field is now crowded with about 20 powered parachute producers, Gemini Powered Parachutes views the future as full of promise. “The industry just started growing in the last five years,” Randy says. “Before that, it was hardly noticed.” Indeed, a decade ago only three large producers existed: Paraplane, Six Chuter, and Buckeye Industries. “People like to fly low and slow,” continues Randy, and I agree. While it is true that many pilots will gravitate toward the 130-mph little airplanes of the proposed light-sport aircraft category, others aren’t moved by speed or fully enclosed cabins. “Over the years, I’ve trained a dozen or more airline pilots to fly powered parachutes,” explains Randy. These pilots are qualified to fly anything they want (usually with incomes to allow most purchases as well), and yet these 500- mph aviators were drawn to the low-andslow powered parachute arena. Randy sees room for plenty of growth. The mid-90s boom of powered parachutes attracted plenty of other producers. Some have created high overhead to support their products, but Gemini plans to survive any shakeout by keeping its overhead low and by offering good products at low prices with reasonable delivery times. “We have middle of the road pricing,” says Randy, adding that his basic but well-equipped model sells for $13,000, and the electric start E-box version is $13,600. A recently instituted Rotax price increase bumped the numbers a few hundred dollars. “As a small producer, we had to pass that cost along to customers,” Randy states. Refining the Breed When he departed Buckeye for his own venture, Randy was experienced in building powered parachutes, and he had plenty of his own ideas to improve the vehicles he had represented. “I took a little of everybody else’s best,” he summarizes, “and then I added my own ideas.” He made the rear suspension beefier, replacing the typical fiberglass landing gear legs with chromoly ones. He also used heavier wall steel tubing on the two main front-to-rear rails under the seats. Gemini Powered Parachutes worked to assure more creature comforts by using separate, supportive velour-covered seats. Separate seats for each occupant seem superior to the previously conventional powered parachute seats that placed the back of the pilot against his or her rearseat occupant. Other companies have also embraced this development, and most pilots and passengers will probably prefer separate seats. Shoulder belts at each seat should secure the occupants well. “Older eyes need a little help,” Randy correctly identifies, “so we moved the instrument panel a bit closer to the pilot.” Like other powered parachute manufacturers, Gemini prefers the electronic instrument packages that offer lots of information, but some users feel these are harder to read at a glance than old-fashioned needle gauges. Randy also moved all the controls closer, saying that he “wants students to be able to reach everything while securely belted in.” The instrument panel and controls can be located closer to the pilot thanks to the addition of upper fuselage bars, those large diameter tubes that run in front of and above the occupants. Powrachute, a competing manufacturer, first popularized these bars, and now these bars are popping up on powered parachutes everywhere. Often referred to as “rollover bars,” the tubes certainly offer a measure of protection on landings and while flying near ground obstacles, although the industry tries not to draw attention to such problems for liability reasons. In my experience of flying with this tubing framework, I could easily see its protective value, although it does somewhat block visibility and erode that hugely open feel of flying a powered parachute. A single strobe light comes standard to help make you obvious to other aircraft, while options include electric starting, dual controls, dual strobes, a four-blade Ivo prop, a choice of parachute parafoil brands, a choice of airframe colors, and factory assembly. Gemini Powered Parachutes can also set you up with a trailer to haul it all. Operating a Gemini Gemini’s “joystick throttle” comes from the Buckeye design, which I flew a few years ago. Because I now have experience with other control systems in newer powered parachutes, I asked Randy about his continuing use of the joystick throttle. In my experience, thinking of the throttle as a joystick proved distracting. When I first flew a Buckeye Dream Machine with this throttle arrangement, I had an experience that I now find humorous—I inappropriately used the throttle and started to pull the joystick back to stop a launch I felt wasn’t right. In so doing, I added power and things got worse before they got better. (Nothing came of the misapplication of power, and a few minutes later I was soloing the Dream Machine without problems.) The error was clearly mine, but it showed how the joystick throttle can introduce wrong responses from pilots used to “pull-for-less-power” throttles. Randy has trained a number of pilots with conventional throttle experience. He says that he tells them to “forget the word throttle.” He never terms the joystick as a power control, instead directing his transition students to think of it as a “pitch control” or “stick.” In so doing, he says his conventional pilot students have never had control reversal problems. A Piper Cherokee pilot himself, Randy is also able to make the transition by using his “not a throttle” mantra. By making the “stick” function like it does, Randy has helped it do double duty. The same lever also steers the chassis while on the ground. With the stick linked to the nose wheel by conventional pushrods, the Gemini features push-right, go-right steering. This is an improvement over the older Buckeye model that had two levers: one for power (or “pitch control”) and one for steering. With the old steering lever, you pushed forward to go right and pull aft to go left. I found that counterintuitive, and it was these two unorthodox controls that were the source of my distraction in that early takeoff. Ready for Certification While the proposed light-sport aircraft (LSA) category with its FAA-mandated consensus standards may be scaring a few powered parachute manufacturers, it’s not causing Gemini any concern. That’s because Randy was involved with Buckeye Industries’ attempt to qualify its rig for Primary aircraft certification. “If FAA had the money, [Buckeye] could have had a certified aircraft five or six years ago. All the work was done,” recalls Randy. He feels a confluence of events conspired to suffocate the effort. ValuJet had just crashed into the south Florida swamps, and FAA focused its efforts on common carrier problems. The Buckeye Primary aircraft effort was put on the far back burner and never came to the forefront again. Too bad, perhaps. Randy had taken Barry Valentine, then acting FAA administrator, aloft at the Sun ’n Fun Fly- In in 1996, and Valentine was highly supportive of the certificated Buckeye, says Randy. In those days, industry comment on rules came from the “Big Three” of powered parachute producers— Paraplane, Six Chuter, and Buckeye—and it was fairly easy to get agreement between the three builders. Now, with 20 companies having input, Randy feels the process of finding consensus has become much more challenging. In the mid-90s, Randy worked with Ben Morrow to prepare pilots for flying a Primary aircraft powered parachute. The effort produced a document available from FAA’s Kansas City office called the Practical Test Standards for powered parachute pilots. This effort may be used in the new process of devising rules for sport pilots. With FAA’s newest regulation on the near horizon, Randy is serving on an ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) committee that’s creating the consensus standards for powered parachutes. “The proposed light-sport aircraft category could open up a lot of doors,” Randy says. “Some entities can’t use our aircraft today,” referring to municipalities, police departments, forestry services, and private corporations that might find a use for powered parachutes, because they are nervous about the perceived lack of licensing, insurance, and regulations. Under the proposed sport pilot/light-sport aircraft rules, some of these barriers could fall. Randy will use his expertise to assure the strength and quality of materials used in light-sport aircraft category powered parachutes. He says, “Our goal is for these machines to last a long time. We don’t want them to wear out in four to five years,” noting that Cessna and Piper build aircraft that last a very long time. Randy went on to state his view of the role of the powered parachute committee of the ASTM effort. “LSA powered parachutes won’t stall, will do 50- to 60- degree banks without falling out of the sky, and will land without parts flying off.” The goals sound simple, but involving a group of 20 manufacturers in the process isn’t easy. Gemini in the Skies I felt one of the most important questions I could ask Randy was how he advises new pilots to choose the right wing or parachute. In my experience flying several other powered parachute brands, I found the manufacturers were not focused on wings. To me, the competition appeared to be all about the carriages. It turns out my view was something of an oversimplification. “Every two years, there’s a completely new wing,” claims Randy. It may not be the same as Moore’s law of computer chips (regularly doubling processor power), yet a new wing every couple years certainly reveals growth in the powered parachute community. After I asked more questions about the shapes and sizes of canopies, Randy detailed the history of powered parachute wings in the last five to six years. He says the shapes have evolved from rectangular to elliptical, though the rectangular parachutes are still the most common (and are the right choice for most newcomers). Sizes have also changed from 450 square feet to 550 or more. One company is offering a 610-square-foot chute, according to Randy. However, even the original rectangular canopy is evolving. Randy referred to the new Skybolt canopy from High Energy Sports that he says can do a 360-degree turn in three seconds! Indeed, performance has crept into the equation. While most powered parachutes fly at about the same speed— from 26 to 34 mph—some have begun to push the envelope. Elliptical canopies include the granddaddy of the segment, the Chiron wing from an Israeli company. These higher aspect wings offer a somewhat increased speed range and snappier control line response. When I was under the Chiron wing, it was able to speed up in shallow dives and reacted quickly to reversing turn inputs. Randy says you usually select a wing that is sized to the load you’ll put on it. If you and your flying friend are of modest build, a 500-square-foot wing might be the best. This is the size Randy prefers for the machines he flies. But I asked about big guys with experience who want to go faster. For them, Gemini will recommend an elliptically shaped wing, not a smallersized one (that is, one with less square feet of area). Gemini prefers to work with two wing suppliers, Apco of Israel and High Energy Sports of California. The U.S. company— which I knew of long before they started building powered parachute canopies—is partnered with Bill Gargano, a parachute design expert respected in the general parachute community. Randy says, “I’ve known Bill for many years, and I think his work for powered parachutes is the best available.” Gemini would like to log sales of 200 units a year but predicts about half that for the near term. Most ultralight airframe makers would consider that a terrific delivery performance. My regular inquiries of Rotax distributors confirm that powered parachute producers remain the biggest buyers of that company’s two-stroke engines, that overwhelmingly being the 582. Gemini predicts growth from new interest overseas. “Israel is developing a powered parachute community, and we expect to make sales in France, Germany, and Spain,” Randy adds. He senses that interest in powered paragliders—the footlaunched, backpack sister to powered parachutes—may spur interest in U.S.- style powered parachutes. “Europeans also like wheels and creature comforts,” Randy says. Currently, France has a couple domestic machines (one, the Sylphe, was displayed at Sun ’n Fun 2002), otherwise the Americans largely have the international market to themselves, at least for a time. Gemini hopes to get its share. To keep American and foreign buyers coming, Randy’s mantra for Gemini is to keep the prices modest, the aircraft reliable, the service good, and the delivery quick. That sounds like a good way to please customers to me. Editor’s Note: Buckeye Industries, the enterprise that once employed Randy Snead, is now involved in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. Buckeye Aviation is the newly formed company that displayed Buckeye powered parachutes at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2002.

Published in Experimenter Magazine

Seating	2, tandem/raised aft seat
Empty weight	375 pounds
Gross weight	935 pounds
Canopy Span	38 feet ¹
Canopy Area	500 square feet
Canopy Loading	1.9pounds per square foot
Kit type	Fully Assembled
Notes:	¹ Assuming standard Apco Dovetail canopy
Standard engine	Rotax 582
Power	64 hp at 6,500 rpm
Power loading	14.6 pounds per hp
Max Speed	34 mph
Cruise speed	34 mph
Never exceed speed	70 mph
Rate of climb at gross	600-800 fpm
Takeoff distance at gross	150-500 feet
Landing distance at gross	100-200 feet
Glide Ratio	4:1
Range (powered)	85 miles
Standard Features	65-hp Rotax 582 with oil injection, E-drive with electric start and battery, single stick control, independent seating, shoulder harness seat belts, 64-inch IvoProp propeller, chromoly main rails and upper fuselage bars, shock absorber suspension, steerable nosewheel, ready-to-fly canopy, single strobe light.
Options	Choice of 50-hp Rotax 503 engine (for reduced cost), electronic instruments, dual strobe lights, side storage bags, chrome prop spinner, 4-blade prop.
Construction	Aluminum 6061-T6 airframe, 4130 chromoly steel parts, and all AN hardware. Made in the USA by U.S.-owned company.

Design

Cosmetic appearance, structural integrity, achievement of design goals, effectiveness of aerodynamics, ergonomics.

Pros - Using the best ideas in the powered parachute industry, designer Randy Snead has incorporated many features: protective upper fuselage bars, single control stick, electronic instruments, strategically placed canopy attach points, and individual seats with proper seat restraint. Sturdy, proven design using standard aircraft hardware throughout.

Cons - While using the best of other companies' ideas, the Gemini Twin shows no earth-shattering innovations (though such new ideas don't always work out; Snead's design may be more likely to survive). New company with as-yet undefined longevity in the marketplace.

Systems

Subsystems available to pilot such as: Flaps; Fuel sources; Electric start; In-air restart; Brakes; Engine controls; Navigations; Radio; (items covered may be optional).

Pros - "Joystick" combines both throttle and nosewheel steering, the latter is quite intuitive. Standard 10-gallon fuel tank; cleaner fueling via a filler neck extending to left side of chassis. Pull starter position in open cockpit gives enough space for a hearty yank. Full access to all parts for repairs.

Cons - Of course, no flaps or trim to aid flight control. Determining when remaining fuel is low is not easy without optional instrumentation. No brakes (though needed less than on other ultralights).

Cockpit/Cabin

Instrumentation; Ergonomics of controls; Creature comforts; (items covered may be optional).

Pros - Comfort much improved with separate seats. Gemini uses an electronic info system to compactly provide data. Electric start can also be located on this panel with a kill switch (or other switches as owner prefers). Huge visibility from Gemini Twin. Instrument panel is mounted closer for "older eyes."

Cons - Electric start is optional (about $700). Upper fuselage bars, while a welcome safety addition, slightly obstruct visibility. Little convenient space for additional instruments or a radio. Separate seats mean rear entry is slightly harder; seats do not adjust or move.

Ground Handling

Taxi visibility; Steering; Turn radius; Shock absorption; Stance/Stability; Braking.

Pros - Moving a Gemini Twin around the airport by hand is easy if you have the canopy in its carry bag. Huge visibility to check for traffic. Excellent suspension on the main gear. Solid stance on ground; helps maintain control until canopy is ready to lift. Steering stick is also power control making for an interesting "joystick."

Cons - Lacks ground tow bar. Ground steering of a powered parachute with the canopy overhead is very limited and you must plan where you want to end up if others are using the landing area; you must also maintain enough speed to keep canopy inflated. No brakes, should you require them.

Takeoff/Landing

Qualities; Efficiency; Ease; Comparative values.

Pros - Once canopy is properly inflated, Gemini Twin takeoff is simple in the extreme. Visibility is massive on both takeoff and landing. Turning response is faster than most non-powered parachute pilots believe. Crosswinds are less the impediment than thought due to very short landing rolls; just land cross-runway. Approaching into small fields less challenging than most fixed-wing ultralights.

Cons - Power is the primary way to control approach descents; lose that power and you'll rely only on the ability to modestly slow or flare the canopy. Little energy retention; smooth landings depend on power. No convex mirrors to help examine canopy inflation. Gas tank hangs rather low for landing in unimproved fields.

Control

Quality and quantity for: Coordination; Authority; Pressures; Response; and Coupling.

Pros - Turning control is reasonably responsive; if you combine footbar control with line pulls by hand, you can effect a fairly quick turn. Your legs are much stronger than your arms; you simply must learn foot coordination. Turns are intuitive; push the way you want to go. No adverse yaw.

Cons - You must learn to use the throttle and footbar slowly or swinging of the chassis occurs. Turning by foot is odd to most ultralight pilots and, indeed, it takes some familiarization.

Performance

Climb; Glide; Sink; Cruise/stall/max speeds; Endurance; Range; Maneuverability.

Pros - Gemini says the 65-hp Rotax 582 Twin climbs at 600 to 800 fpm. Speeds are always around 30 mph unless you select an elliptical canopy that Gemini Industries offers. If "performance" means doing superbly at flying low over the fields, the Gemini Twin is one of the best ultralight choices you can make.

Cons - Speeds are hardly controllable; small range of difference by power or dual footbar use. You aren't going anywhere fast in a Gemini Twin with a 30-mph cruise. Performance in powered parachutes is so similar - they can all buy the canopies of other companies - that comparison is challenging. Glide is only about 4:1. Fuel mileage is lousy (that's not why you fly a powered parachute).

Stability

Stall recovery and characteristics; Dampening; Spiral stability; Adverse yaw qualities.

Pros - Latest version of seatbelts neatly emerge from the seat and are now 4-point for best security (model tested had single shoulder belt). Strobe light included in base price, as are sturdy upper fuselage bars offering some protection against rollover or collision. Virtually stall-proof.

Cons - All powered parachutes can reportedly enter something the industry calls "meta-stable stall," meaning a descending, hard-to-exit condition. Fortunately the Gemini Twin is built so tough that such a touchdown would be largely absorbed by the chassis. Chassis swings in response to power changes; you must make them slowly.

Overall

Addresses the questions: "Will a buyer get what he/she expects to buy, and did the designer/builder achieve the chosen goal?"

Pros - New company from an industry veteran; should survive an inevitable shakeout. Boss Randy Snead has experience with FAA certification, which should help if proposed Light-Sport Aircraft rule passes into law. Offers the best of many company ideas in a conventional package that buyers can trust. Several dealers already established around USA. Priced as a rather complete package.

Cons - Gemini Industries must work to set itself apart from others; by offering only mainstream features it could become lost in the crowd. New business, relying on name familiarity of Randy Snead. Company offers no Part 103 aircraft (yet).

Gemini Powered Parachutes Come From Experience

By Dan Johnson || February 18, 2004 8 Comments

DELUXE CHASSIS - Gemini Industries uses all the knowledge of a decade or more of powered parachutes to build this well-considered rig. Note the saddle bags on the outside of the rear seat location.

HEAD ON - Gemini Industries' new Twin is a collection of triangulated tubing that results in this pointed view. Proprietor Randy Snead's long experience shows in the construction of this ultralight.

BIG BUYERS - Rotax reports that powered parachute manufacturers are the largest segment buyers of the 65-hp Rotax 582 engine. Note the multiple vibration mounts at the base of the engine.

WELL DONE - Powered parachute producers have paid close attention to their chassis design and Randy Snead is one of the industry's most experienced technical people. Note the shock absorber main gear.

MOVING OUT - Randy Snead and a student prepare to fly the Gemini Twin. Each occupant will have his own discrete seat and not be forced to sit touching the other.

PLENTY OF ROOM - Powered parachutes like the Gemini Twin offer room for the biggest of pilots. With speeds about 30 mph, windblast isn't a problem; it's a pleasure.

OVER THE SHOULDER - If the rear seat occupant - perhaps an instructor - leans far enough right, this electronic instrument can be seen. Otherwise the rear seat is not fitted for flight operations unless you order optional hardware.

SAFETY BARS - The trend started by Powrachute is seen here with Gemini upper fuselage bars that protect occupants in case of a rollover. Note the shoulder belts that are standard equipment.

READY & RARIN' - Randy Snead takes the rear seat as an instructional flight is about to begin. Note the "opera" seating that gives the raised rear occupant improved visibility.

BIG VIEW - Even with the protective upper fuselage bars, visibility in powered parachutes like the Gemini Twin is exceptional. It'll put a smile on the face of most occupants.

According to the new Ultralight Flying! "Ultralight and Microlight Buyer's Guide," 24 companies are building powered parachutes in 2003. That figure doesn't include recently announced foreign competitors and doesn't count all that may follow. How does a new company stand out in such a crowd? Gemini Industries boss Randy Snead is a well-known personality among powered parachute enthusiasts. He was the main technical person with Buckeye Industries, working with FAA personnel for months in pursuit of Primary Category certification. In blazing that new trail, Snead earned a reputation as being serious and knowledgeable. His business enterprise is new to the scene, but given Snead's long experience in this segment of light aviation, Gemini Industries should prosper. I see the company surviving any industry shakeout as the Indiana company keeps its overhead low and offers reliable products at low prices with reasonable delivery times. Gemini Industries isn't flamboyant like some powered parachute producers and that's exactly why Gemini's formula should work. In a lot of segments of aviation, family operations are common and represent success stories due to the strong teamwork families can generate. Snead's wife, Fern, and their son, Jeremiah, all tend to the affairs of Gemini Industries. New On the Scene Gemini Industries' first offering is named the Gemini Twin. According to company personnel, other models will be coming. Again, Snead cut his teeth in the powered parachute (PPC) business as the head tech for Buckeye Industries. This company, also based in Indiana, fell prey to the economic slowdown and other factors, and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. When you see a Buckeye powered parachute displayed at airshows in 2003, Buckeye Aviation will be the name of the company doing the exhibiting. Snead departed Buckeye, taking his considerable knowledge with him. He's one of the true veterans of this segment of the aviation family. When he set out to design the Gemini Twin, he had the advantage of a clean CAD screen. He says, "I took a little of everybody else's best and then I added my own ideas." For example, he made the rear suspension beefier, replacing fiberglass landing gear legs with chromoly ones. He also used heavier wall steel tubing on the two main front-to-rear rails under the seats. In addition, Gemini Industries worked to assure more creature comforts by using supportive velour-covered seats. Separate seats for each occupant seem superior to old-fashioned powered parachute seats that have the back of the pilot touching his rear-seat occupant. Some other new powered parachute designs have embraced this idea and I think that most pilots will prefer them. Shoulder belts at each seat should secure the Gemini Twin occupants well. "Older eyes need a little help," Snead indicated, reflecting the age of many air sport pilots, "so we moved the instrument panel a bit closer." Like other producers, Gemini prefers the electronic instruments that have lots of information but which some feel can be harder to read at a glance than analog needle gauges. In fact, Snead moved all the controls closer, saying that he "wants the student to be able to reach everything while securely belted in." The instrument panel and some controls can be located closer to the pilot, thanks to the Upper Fuselage Bars, those large-diameter tubes that run in front of and above the occupants. Powrachute first popularized these and they are making an appearance on many newer powered parachutes. Sometimes called "roll-over bars," the beefy tubing certainly offers a measure of protection on landings and while flying near ground obstacles. In my experience at flying with this tubing framework, I could easily sense their protective value, although they do minimally block visibility and erode that hugely open feel of flying a powered parachute. A single strobe light comes standard on the Gemini Twin to help keep you more visible to other aircraft. Those who want option choices can select electric starting, dual controls, dual strobes, a 4-blade IvoProp propeller, choice of canopy brands, and a choice of airframe colors. Gemini can also set you up with a trailer to haul it all. Gemini Twin Distinctions Another way the Gemini Twin differs from older Buckeye designs, as well as most powered parachutes, is the single stick. I want to call it a "joystick" because that's what it looks like but it isn't exactly how it works. The single stick in front of the front seat serves as both the throttle and taxi steering control. Linked to the nosewheel by conventional pushrods, the Gemini features push-right, go-right steering. Fore and aft movements add or decrease power respectively. Despite the use of this stick for power settings, Snead prefers not to refer to the stick as a throttle. He's aware that I've struggled with this in the past. My very first experience in a Buckeye powered parachute with a "joystick throttle" threw me a curve. As a throttle it works backwards from all other aircraft. You pull aft to add power and go up (most throttles pull to the idle position, of course). We old dogs, ahem, "experienced aviators," will have to learn new tricks. Better you should call it a "pitch control" or simply a "stick," Snead advises. You move this stick aft to increase power, which will produce a climb - which is why some folks think of it as a joystick. His "pitch control" logic reflects 3-axis aircraft joysticks, which generally are moved aft to produce a positive angle of attack and therefore climb (assuming adequate power has been set). On the ground, you steer by moving the stick in the direction of desired turn. This powered parachute has "right-way" steering, which most pilots will find more intuitive. In actual practice, you don't end up steering powered parachutes too much. On takeoff, you'll orient as much into the wind as possible so your steering control will be only to offset a sideways pull of the canopy in a crosswind. In my experience, this is very little. More likely you'll use the stick on landing, such as to steer the Gemini Twin off the runway to make room for someone else, or to park closer to your trailer. Maneuvering this way means you must keep up the power - to keep the canopy overhead - when right-way steering is appreciated. The Gemini Twin's landing gear legs are made of steel, replacing an older fiberglass rod structure. The steel legs brought a satisfyingly firm ride that absorbs lots of energy if you land harder than you planned. When I flew with Snead, our flight was cut short due to a fast-approaching rain shower. As usual, the airshow pattern was full of powered parachutes at the end of the day. We all raced to get on the ground before we got soaked. Our approach to landing seemed quite low by my normal standards, but I was forced to remember the canopy was operating 20 feet above us. This detached quality is the main challenge I have in adapting to powered parachutes. Yet this design also allows powered parachutes their unique feel. You can fly within 10 to 20 feet of the ground, yet your "wing" is 30 to 40 feet up in the air. Slipping alongside trees and over fences is lots of fun in these slow-flying ultralights. With everyone trying get down quickly, the landing area became crowded despite the typically short powered parachute ground roll. Our canopy started to collapse earlier than optimal because of others directly in front of us. Snead said that he "lost the sail" but he could've kept it aloft had the field remained open. On a more normal landing rollout your taxi speed can be quite slow, yet the canopy will remain inflated above you. This allows you to position the aircraft off the runway before deflating the canopy. A Kick in the Air Aloft in the air with Snead, I reinforced my impression that a powered parachute, even with a conventional square canopy wing design, can still be encouraged to turn quite briskly. You can actually produce a significant bank angle by bearing hard on the footbar on the side of the desired turn, and then adding additional steering-line tension by hand. In my experimentation, this combined technique made it possible to produce a reasonably steep turn and also to reverse those turns with relative ease. It was difficult to measure bank angles considering the canopy flew 20 feet or so above my head and somewhat out of my peripheral vision. However, Snead informed me that pilots were limited to a 30° bank in the pattern and yet there had been concern that some pilots were exceeding this bank. Powered parachute flight response shouldn't really surprise anyone who has seen an airshow where skydivers perform, often the show's opening act. These hotshots "crank and bank" their skydiving rigs in wild maneuvers nearly all the way to the ground. Of course, these are tiny and highly loaded canopies, a sharp contrast to big powered parachute canopies that are highly stable and rather lightly loaded. Such differences notwithstanding, it's just a wrong-headed impression that makes people believe, as I did, that powered parachutes are not very responsive. Still, to create the sharpest turns you must exert considerable muscular effort. And you must maintain that tension in the turn or the wing wants to right itself. For beginners this tendency is beneficial. Indeed, it may be a virtual industry requisite as most powered parachute manufacturers report a majority of their sales go to people who have never piloted anything. Stable as powered parachutes like the Gemini Twin are, piloting smoothness remains the virtue it is anywhere in aviation. When you add power or exert footbar control, the trike carriage tends to increase its swing. If you are uneven in your control application, you'll have the same jerky flight you would in any flying machine. Advisedly, power is added or removed slowly and footbar motions are gradual until you gain currency with the powered parachute. Like most powered parachute producers, Gemini Industries is focused on the carriage, flight characteristics, engines, and instruments plus the overall packaging and performance of the ultralight. I'm unaware of any powered parachute builder who creates his own canopy. Since development of powered parachute canopies is a specialty of canopy manufacturers, they are the ones driving technology changes. Snead indicated that the canopy on our evaluation Gemini Twin offered a greater speed range, though it appeared control over speed is limited to the result of a full push-out, or full release of both footbars simultaneously. Changes in speed, or glide performance, or sink rate come from the shape of the canopy just as it is with fixed-wings. Otherwise, speed is primarily set by the hang-point rigging of canopy to chassis. In the last half-dozen years, recalls Snead, powered parachute canopies have evolved from rectangular to elliptical, though he says the rectangular canopies are still the most common. For new powered parachute pilots these "square" ram-air canopies remain the right choice. In our Gemini Twin test ultralight, engine-idle sink rate was about 600 fpm. Gemini Industries says the glide is 4:1. All fixed-wings and trikes exceed the glide and most have slower sink rates. In other evolutionary canopy developments, powered parachute producers have upped sizes from 450-square-foot sizes to 550 or more. "One company is even offering a 610-square-foot size," observes Snead. Despite the introduction of elliptical canopies - which boast more speed range and more responsive handling - the original square canopy has improved. Snead referred to the new Skybolt canopy from High Energy Sports that he says can do a 360° turn in three seconds. Larger pilots with powered parachute experience may want faster speeds of their ultralight. For them, Snead recommends an elliptical, not a smaller square canopy. Gemini Industries has selected two primary canopy suppliers: Apco of Israel or High Energy Sports of California. I've known High Energy since their beginning days, long before they started building powered parachute canopies. The West Coast company is respected for their work in the parachute community. Apco has also enjoyed many years of success in light aviation. In flight, as I was trying to assess the performance of the canopy by observing it, I became aware of what was clearly a back-up steering line. As Snead explained, this safety line serves a stabilizing purpose. This extra cord has a greater length than the primary steering lines yet it is also attached to the common suspension point. Its purpose is to help the pilot maintain control should one of the main steering lines fail. Powered parachutes always fly with the trailing edge pulled down somewhat. If a steering line broke, releasing the tension on the trailing edge of one side, the ultralight would tend to have a turn away from the broken line side. If both lines went loose simultaneously, the problem is lessened, but it would still be a problem. Snead indicated that some tension is necessary to create a down trailing edge. A pilot missing one steering line could not control the powered parachute's direction giving the back-up steering line a genuine purpose. If a single steering line broke, you would find yourself in a turn toward the side with the unbroken line. Added tension of the safety line keeps the turn from becoming too steep while you make an emergency landing. Do You Want a Twin? Some pilots may gravitate toward the 130-mph "little airplanes" proposed in FAA's Light-Sport Aircraft rule, but not everyone wants higher speed or fully enclosed cabins. Some people enjoy low and slow. If you are among them, a Gemini Twin may be for you. Even so, with FAA's newest regulation on the near horizon, Snead is serving on an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) committee creating the certification standards for powered parachutes. He'll use his experience with Buckeye Industries, who tried certifying one of their models to FAA's Primary Aircraft category. The job was never completed due to FAA bureaucratic inertia, but Snead learned a great deal from the effort. His knowledge may now help lead powered parachute producers through the thicket of creating FAA certification rules for the proposed Light-Sport Aircraft rule. If you act today, you can get what Snead calls "middle of the road pricing." Gemini Industries' base 65-hp Rotax 582 well-equipped Gemini Twin model sells for just under $14,000; an electric start E-box version goes for $14,500. If you often fly solo or with smaller students, a 50-hp Rotax 503 model can be had for $12,710. Once an important figure in the market-leading Buckeye Industries company, Snead was known to many as the man who worked on the technical side and performed flight testing for Buckeye. Now he's following his own dream assisted by family members. If powered parachutes have caught your eye, you might consider your very own Gemini Twin.

Published in Light Sport and Ultralight Flying

Seating	2, tandem/raised aft seat
Empty weight	375 pounds
Gross weight	935 pounds
Canopy Span	38 feet ¹
Canopy Area	500 square feet
Canopy Loading	1.9pounds per square foot
Kit type	Fully Assembled
Notes:	¹ Assuming standard Apco Dovetail canopy
Standard engine	Rotax 582
Power	64 hp at 6,500 rpm
Power loading	14.6 pounds per hp
Max Speed	34 mph
Cruise speed	34 mph
Never exceed speed	70 mph
Rate of climb at gross	600-800 fpm
Takeoff distance at gross	150-500 feet
Landing distance at gross	100-200 feet
Glide Ratio	4:1
Range (powered)	85 miles
Standard Features	65-hp Rotax 582 with oil injection, E-drive with electric start and battery, single stick control, independent seating, shoulder harness seat belts, 64-inch IvoProp propeller, chromoly main rails and upper fuselage bars, shock absorber suspension, steerable nosewheel, ready-to-fly canopy, single strobe light.
Options	Choice of 50-hp Rotax 503 engine (for reduced cost), electronic instruments, dual strobe lights, side storage bags, chrome prop spinner, 4-blade prop.
Construction	Aluminum 6061-T6 airframe, 4130 chromoly steel parts, and all AN hardware. Made in the USA by U.S.-owned company.

Design

Cosmetic appearance, structural integrity, achievement of design goals, effectiveness of aerodynamics, ergonomics.

Systems

Subsystems available to pilot such as: Flaps; Fuel sources; Electric start; In-air restart; Brakes; Engine controls; Navigations; Radio; (items covered may be optional).

Cockpit/Cabin

Instrumentation; Ergonomics of controls; Creature comforts; (items covered may be optional).

Ground Handling

Taxi visibility; Steering; Turn radius; Shock absorption; Stance/Stability; Braking.

Takeoff/Landing

Qualities; Efficiency; Ease; Comparative values.

Control

Quality and quantity for: Coordination; Authority; Pressures; Response; and Coupling.

Cons - You must learn to use the throttle and footbar slowly or swinging of the chassis occurs. Turning by foot is odd to most ultralight pilots and, indeed, it takes some familiarization.

Performance

Climb; Glide; Sink; Cruise/stall/max speeds; Endurance; Range; Maneuverability.

Stability

Stall recovery and characteristics; Dampening; Spiral stability; Adverse yaw qualities.

Overall

Addresses the questions: "Will a buyer get what he/she expects to buy, and did the designer/builder achieve the chosen goal?"

According to the new Ultralight Flying! “Ultralight and Microlight Buyer’s Guide,” 24 companies are building powered parachutes in 2003. That figure doesn’t include recently announced foreign competitors and doesn’t count all that may follow. How does a new company stand out in such a crowd? Gemini Industries boss Randy Snead is a well-known personality among powered parachute enthusiasts. He was the main technical person with Buckeye Industries, working with FAA personnel for months in pursuit of Primary Category certification. In blazing that new trail, Snead earned a reputation as being serious and knowledgeable. His business enterprise is new to the scene, but given Snead’s long experience in this segment of light aviation, Gemini Industries should prosper. I see the company surviving any industry shakeout as the Indiana company keeps its overhead low and offers reliable products at low prices with reasonable delivery times. Gemini Industries isn’t flamboyant like some powered parachute producers and that’s exactly why Gemini’s formula should work.